Tag: introduction to classification of living organisms

Questions Related to introduction to classification of living organisms

Bentham and Hooker proposed their system of classification in

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Genera Plantarum

  2. Species Plantarum

  3. Historia Plantarum

  4. Historia Naturae

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Bentham and Hooker proposed their system of classification in the book Genera Plantarum. In this book, they gave the biggest and natural classification of seed plants. Their system of classification was based on the principle of natural affinities and is considered as pre-Darwinian as it does not take evolution into account.

So, the correct option is 'Genera Plantarum'.

Which is not correct?

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Embryology - Aristotle

  2. Taxonomy - Carlous Linnaeus

  3. Paleontology - Leonardo de Vinci

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Taxonomy is the science of the naming and classifying or grouping of organisms. In 1700, Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus developed a hierarchical classification system for organisms called binomial nomenclature. Palaeontology is the science of the forms of life existing in the former geological period, as represented by their fossils. 

Leonardo Da Vinci, the great artist who is famous for his work in painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music etc is known as the father of paleontology.
Aristotle was the great philosopher. He contributed to embryology to some extent by describing the development of the chicken embryo and navel string linking of embryo to the placenta in a species of dogfish. He is called the father of embryology.

Therefore all the answers are correct.

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the codes given.

Column I Column II
A. Binomial nomenclature (i) Hippocrates
B. The Darwin of the $20^{th}$ century (ii) Ernst Mayr
C. Father of botany (iii) Linnaeus
D. Father of medicine (iv) Theopharastus
zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(i)

  2. A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(iv)

  3. A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv)

  4. A-(ii), B-(iii), C-(iv), D-(i)

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A) Binomial Nomenclature was given by Linnaeus.

B) Ernst Mayr was one of the 20th century leading evolutionary biologist and that is why he is Darwin of the 20th century.
C) Father of Botany is Theopharastus.
D) Father of medicine is Hippocrates.
So the correct option is "A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(i)".

An English naturalist, who wrote the book 'Historia Generalis Plantarum' and introduced the word 'species' was.

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Theophrastus

  2. John Ray

  3. Cuvier

  4. Lamarck

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

John Ray published important works on botany, zoology, and natural theology. His classification of the plant in his Historia Plantarum was an important step towards modern taxonomy. He also coined the term Species.

So the correct option is "John Ray".

A school of systematics, that determines the degree of relatedness by analysing primitive and derived characters and constructing cladograms is

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Phylogeny

  2. Cladistics

  3. Cladogram

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

  • Cladistics is one of the three schools of systematics that determines the degree of relatedness by analysing the primitive and derived characters and constructs the cladogram.
  • Cladistics is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups based on the most recent common ancestor. A key feature of a clade is that a common ancestor and all its descendants are part of the clade.
  • In Cladistics  to show relations among organisms, cladogram is used. Cladistics is now the most commonly used methods to classify organisms.
So the correct option is Cladistics.

A 'type' is one particular specimen (or a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached. Match column I (type) with column II(description) and select the correct option from the codes given.

Column I Column II
A. Holotype  (i) A specimen cited with an original description other than the holotype or isotype
B. Isotype (ii) A duplicate of the holotype
C. Paratype (iii) A specimen designated in the original description
D. Lectotype (iv) A specimen selected from original material to serve as nomenclatural type when the holotype was not designated.
zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(iv)

  2. A-(iii), B-(i), C-(ii), D-(iv)

  3. A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(i)

  4. A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(i), D-(ii)

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Holotype is a valuable original specimen that describes a new species. It is a term used to describe a specimen that is the first known of its kind anywhere in the world. A holotype can be any type of fossil, and it serves as the name-bearer of the species.
Isotype is an individual specimen that is similar enough genetically to the holotype to be considered to part of the same taxonomic group.
Paratype is a specimen cited in the protologue that is neither the holotype, isotype, nor one of the syntypes. These are often listed as representative specimens in the original description.
Lectotype is a specimen chosen by a later researcher to serve as if it were the holotype. It is chosen from among the specimens available to the original publishing author (the isotypes, syntypes and/or paratypes) of a scientific name when the holotype was either lost or destroyed or when no holotype was designated.
So the correct option is A.

......gives specific and scientific names to the organisms.

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Taxonomy

  2. Classification

  3. Systematics

  4. Genetics

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Taxonomy refers to a branch of science that deals primarily with the description, identification, nomenclature, and classification of organisms. For example, organisms are classified into clades in phylogenetic taxonomy.

So, the correct option is 'Taxonomy'.

Which class has been placed in between dicotyledons and monocotyledons by Bentham and Hooker?

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Leptosprongiatae

  2. Eusporangiatae

  3. Gymnospermae

  4. Hepaticopsida

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Bentham and Hooker divided Spermatophyta or seed-bearing plants into three classes namely- 

  • Dicotyledonae ( class I )
  • Gymnospermae ( class II )
  • Monocotyledonae ( class III ). 

It was a example of natural system of classification, In which the organisms are classified on the basis of their natural affinities (i.e. the basic similarities in the morphology).

So, the correct option is 'Gymnospermae'.

Which of the following is not a criterion for classification of living organisms?

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Body design of the organism

  2. Ability to produce ones own food

  3. Membrane bound nucleus and cell organelles

  4. Height

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The criterions for classification of organisms are as follows-
1. Nature of cell (porkaryotic or eukaryotic)
2. Number of cells (unicellular or multicellular)
3. Mode of nutrition (autotrophic or heterotrophic)
4. Body design (presence or absence of cell wall)
5. Presence or absence of well defined nucleus with nuclear membrane
6. Body differentiation
7. Presence of conducting tissues (in case of plants)
8. Mode of reproduction
9. Type of seed (in case of plants)
10. Number of cotyledons (in case of plants)
Hence, options A, B, C are incorrect. 
Height is not considered as criterion for classification of living organisms. 
Therefore, option D is correct.  

Merit of Bentham and Hooker's system is

zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

  1. Placement of renales in beginning

  2. Placement of orchidaceae in microspermae

  3. Placement of asteraceae in beginning of gamopetalae

  4. Position of gymnospermae in between dicots and monocots

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • Renales are the most primitive living angiosperms hence placing them, in the beginning, is the merit of Bentham and Hooker's system.

  • Placement of Orchidaceae in microspermae is demerit as it is an advanced family. 
  • The placement of Gymnospermae in between dicots monocots is a demerit as gymnosperms are primitive compared to both monocots and dicots.
So, the correct option is 'Placement of renals in beginning'.