Tag: microbiology: organisms in industry

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Multiple choice botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Genetic engineering is

  1. Making artificial genes

  2. Hybridisation of DNA

  3. Making artificial limbs and diagnostic instruments

  4. Production of alcohol by using microorganisms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Genetic engineering involves the manipulation of DNA, which includes the hybridization of DNA molecules from different sources.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Genetic engineering is

  1. Study of extra nuclear gene

  2. Manipulation of genes by artificial method

  3. Manipulation of RNA

  4. Manipulation of enzymes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Genetic engineering aims to add new DNA to an organism to add one or more new favorable traits that are not found in that organism. Genes are the DNA segments that carry the genetic information for the production of particular proteins/ enzymes. These enzymes/proteins determine the traits of an organism, thus alteration in gene structure is the key to impart new traits to the organisms. The genetic information present in genes is copied to the RNA and finally into the proteins; further genes are inherited from generation to generation. Hence, manipulation of RNA, protein or extranuclear gene will be confined to that generation only. Hence, genetic engineering is the manipulation of genes.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Nuclear transplantation technique was discovered by

  1. Briggs

  2. Wilmut

  3. Gurdon

  4. Griffith
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Briggs and King discovered that normal hatched tadpoles can be obtained by transplanting the nucleus of a blastula cell to the enucleated eggs of Rana pipiens. This finding provided an initial answer to the long-standing question of whether the process of development and cell differentiation requires a loss or stable change in the genetic constitution of cells.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Hirudin gene inserted in Brassica napus was

  1. Synthesised chemically

  2. Obtained from leech

  3. Got from Bacillus thuringiensis

  4. Brassica campestris
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Hirudin is a potent inhibitor of thrombin. Thus, it has a high therapeutic value in the treatment of thrombosis.
  • Hirudin gene inserted in Brassica napus was synthesized chemically in E. coli and yeast and was found to be a reasonable success. Extended work suggested the production of this protein in a plant system, particularly oil-producing crop.
So, the correct option is 'Synthesized chemically'.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

What is euphenics?

  1. Improvement of human race by better environment

  2. Improvement of human race by genetic engineering

  3. Treatment of communicable diseases

  4. Treatment of inheritable diseases
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The therapeutic techniques used to treat deleterious phenotypic effects of a genetic defect especially without altering the genetic makeup of the germplasm of the individual is known as Euphenics. Therefore it is the improvement of phenotypic effect in humans after their birth by genetic engineering. Hence option B is correct.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

A desirable change in genotype of an organism is obtained by

  1. DNA replication

  2. Protein synthesisr

  3. DNA technology

  4. mRNA formation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

DNA technology, specifically recombinant DNA technology, is the primary method used to introduce desirable changes into the genotype of an organism.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Genetic engineering is possible because

  1. We can cut DNA at specific sites by restriction endonucleases

  2. Restriction endonucleases purified from virus can be used in bacteria

  3. The phenomenon of transduction in bacteria is well understood

  4. We can see DNA by electron microscope
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Genetic engineering includes the artificial synthesis, isolation, modification, combination, addition, and repair of the genetic material (DNA) to alter the phenotype of the host organism to suit human needs. It is the manipulation of genes by man in vitro. Restriction endonucleases play a major role in genetic engineering as they can cut DNA at specific sites, thus allowing manipulation or modification in its sequence.
So, the correct answer is 'We can cut DNA at specific sites by restriction endonucleases'.