Tag: nutrition deficiency diseases

If pH of the stomach is made 7 protein digestion will affect as pepsin works ar pH of 2 to 3 and enzymes are highly precise about there function so it does not activate.

The chief function of HCl in the stomatch is to maintain low pH to activate pepsinogen to form pepsin. HCl converts inactive pepsinogen into the active pepsin enzyme. The pepsin helps in the breaking down proteins in the stomach. HCl also kills bacteria that enter the stomach. It also helps in digestion of  other foods in the stomach.

The HCl is secreted by the oxyntic cells in the stomach. The HCl provides the acidic medium in the stomach that is responsible for converting the inactive pepsinogen to the active pepsin. Pepsin is required for protein digestion. The acidic medium provides defence against bacteria entering the digestive system.

• Protein digestion occurs in the stomach and duodenum in which 3 main enzymes: Pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin.
•  pepsin secreted by the stomach and trypsin and chymotrypsin secreted by the pancreas, break down food proteins into polypeptides that are then broken down by various exopeptidases and dipeptidases into amino acids. 
• Hence, Lipase enzymes are not useful in the digestion of proteins.
• So, the correct answer is 'Lipase'.

The digestion of the food starts at the mouth where the enzyme amylase is secreted which digests the start that is present in the food and converts it into maltose. From there through the esophagus the food arrives in the stomach where it is stored for 4 hours and mixed with acid. The food when arrives at the stomach where the wall of the stomach secrets HCl with a pH of 1.8. This acid activates the inactive pepsinogen enzyme and forms active pepsin which digests proteins and converts them into proteases and peptides. From here the food moves to the small intestine where secretion from the liver and pancreas reach through a hepatopancreatic duct which is alkaline in nature and neutralizes the acidic food that comes from the stomach. Here majority of the digestion of protein to amino acids, fat to fat droplets, polysaccharides to monosaccharides etc takes place.

In the stomach, proteins are hydrolysed by enzyme pepsin. It begins the digestion of proteins by splitting them into peptones (see peptidase). It is produced by the action of $HCl\left( { H }^{ + } \right) $ on pepsinogen, which is secreted by the stomach in gastric glands.

Only some chemicals medicines and alcohol are absorbed in oro pharyngeal cavity. In the stomach, absorption of water, some salts, alcohol and glucose takes place, complete absorption of alcohol takes place in the stomach. Thus, carbohydrates, proteins and fats will remain in alimentary canal for complete digestion and when broken down completely in small intestine then only they will be absorbed in the intestine but beer will not be digested in alimentary canal and directly absorbed in the stomach.

Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth as salivary amylase is present there. Protein digestion starts in the stomach as protein digesting enzymes is present in stomach and fat digestion occurs in the small intestine.

Rennin is a milk-curdling enzyme, that occurs in the gastric juices of infants and is also contained in the rennet produced in the stomach of calves and other ruminants. It is an endopeptidase, that converts casein to paracasein and was formerly used extensively as a curdling agent by the cheese industry.