Tag: innate and acquired immunity

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Questions Related to innate and acquired immunity

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

Antibody producing plasma are derived from

  1. Memory T cells

  2. Supressor T cells

  3. Helper T cells

  4. B lymphocytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The B-lymphocytes are the types of immune cells that are involved in the humoral immune response. It means these cells are responsible for making antibodies in the bloodstream and destroy the antigen that infects the blood and tissues via blood. T-cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They wipe out those pathogens that invade the tissues directly. B-cells can exist in two forms- Memory B-cells that are specified for a particular infection and Plasma B-cells that actively secrete antibodies. Plasma B-cells are derived from the memory B-cells whenever that specific antigen invades the blood second time.

Hence, the correct answer is 'B-lymphocytes'

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

Which of the following displays immunosuppressant?

  1. B-cells
  2. $\alpha$-cells

  3. T-cells

  4. Both (1) & (3)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The body's immune system is a normally occurring protective mechanism that helps the body defend itself against harmful agents. However, sometimes the immune system perceives normally harmless substances such as allergens or the person's own body tissues as harmful invaders and try to eliminate them. This inappropriate activation of the immune response is a major factor in allergic and auto-immune disorders.
Immunosuppressants are the drugs that suppress the immune to reduce the risk of rejection of foreign bodies with organ transplants or in auto-immune disorders.
B-cells are lymphocytes capable of producing antibodies and can capture circulating antigens. They are produced from stem cells in the bone marrow of adult mammals, liver of foetus and bursa of Fabricius in birds. The mature B-cells synthesize various types of antibodies which are displayed on their membrane surfaces, hence they are called immuno-competent B-cells. They are the cause of Humoral immunity.
T-cells are the lymphocytes that can recognize antigens if presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by MHC molecules. They are the cause of cell-mediated immunity. Therefore, both B-cells and T-cells reveal the immunosuppressants on their surface and are part of the immune system.
Alpha cells are one of the types of cells in the Islets of Langerhans in the endocrine portion of the pancreas, which produces the hormone glucagon that is secreted in response to hypoglycemia.

  • So the correct option is 'Both 1 & 3'.
  

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

Which one of the following is related to humoral immunity?

  1. T-lymphocyte

  2. B-lymphocyte

  3. Macrophges

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

B-lymphocytes form army of proteins called antibodies in response to pathogen in blood and are stimulated by antigen and T-helper cells. Therefore, B-lymphocytes provide humoral mediated immunity. T- lymphocytes provide cell mediated immunity. So, the correct option is 'B-lymphocytes'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

Character(s) of acquired immunity is (are) :-

  1. Differentiation between self and non-self

  2. Specificity of antigen

  3. Retains memory

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Acquired immunity is developed after birth. It is produced after getting exposed to antigens hence it is specific in nature. Acquired immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, and leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen.

Acquired immunity relies on the capacity of immune cells to distinguish between the body's own cells and unwanted invaders. The host's cells express "self" antigens. These antigens are different from those on the surface of bacteria or on the surface of virus-infected host cells ("non-self" or "foreign" antigens).
So, the correct option is 'All of the above'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

What is true about T-lymphocytes in mammals?

  1. There are four main types cytotoxic T-cells, helper T-cells and suppressor T-cells, memory T-cells.

  2. These originate in lymphoid tissues.

  3. They scavenge damaged cells and cellular debris.

  4. These are produced in thyroid.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The T-lymphocytes originate in hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus. T-lymphocytes are responsible for humoral immunity. There are different types of T cells. They are listed below:

a. T- helper cells which assist other WBCs in the immunologic process.
b. Cytotoxic T-cells destroy virus-infected cells and tumor cells.
c. Suppressor T-cells are crucial for the maintenance of immunological tolerance.
d. Memory T-cells which persist in the blood for future infections
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

Cell-mediated immunity involves the activation of lymphocytes in an antigen-specific manner.
Which of the following would be a likely trigger for this immune response pathway?

  1. A viral antigen presented on the surface of an infected cell.

  2. Bacteria floating around in the blood supply.

  3. A parasite decorated with antibodies.

  4. A macrophage presenting antigen to a T-cell.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cell mediated immunity is  macrophage providing an antigen for the T cells, so that the infected cells can be targeted

So, the correct answer is 'A macrophage presenting antigen to a T-cell'

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

Cell-mediated immunity protects the body by

  1. Eliminating viruses before they are able to infect body cells.

  2. Secreting granules that will destroy bacteria.

  3. Destroying virus-infected cells by secreting specific antibodies.

  4. Destroying virus-infected cells via antigen-specific binding.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cell-mediated immunity is mediated by T-lymphocytes, which do not secrete free antibodies. Instead, cytotoxic T cells identify and destroy virus-infected host cells and tumor cells via direct antigen-specific receptor binding.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

______ immunity is divided as natural and artificial acquired immunity.

  1. Adaptive

  2. Responsive

  3. Innate

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Adaptive immunity is often sub-divided into two major types depending on how the immunity was introduced. 'Naturally acquired immunity' occurs through contact with a disease causing agent, when the contact was not deliberate, whereas 'artificially acquired immunity' develops only through deliberate actions such as vaccination.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

............... is/are the characteristic/s of acquired immunity 

  1. Specificity of antigen

  2. Difference between self and non-self

  3. Memory retention

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Acquired immunity or adaptive immunity develops following exposure to an antigen and is mediated by B lymphocytes or T lymphocytes or both, having a specific surface receptor for the same antigen.
Following are the characteristics of acquired immunity:

  • Diversity: They can respond to millions of different antigens.
  • Antibody specificity: Ability of the antibody to recognize the specific antigen (even antigen molecule differing by a single amino acid). The response is directed only towards the initiated pathogen.
  • Immunologic memory: Once recognized and responded to an antigen, the system is able to respond more strongly to subsequent exposure even after many years.
  • Discrimination between self and non-self: It can differentiate self-cells (host cells) from foreign cells and molecules. Only foreign particles are attacked. Failure of this discrimination results in auto-immune diseases.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

T-lymphocytes recognise

  1. Polysaccharides

  2. Nucleic acid

  3. Peptides

  4. Recurring molecular groups
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

T-lymphocytes recognize processed peptide antigens presented on the surface of antigen-presenting cells via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. They do not directly bind to free polysaccharides, nucleic acids, or general repeating molecular groups without presentation.