Tag: innate and acquired immunity

Questions Related to innate and acquired immunity

Which of the following is not related with thymosins?

zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

  1. In addition to cell mediated immunity thymosins also promote production of antibodies to provide humorala immunity

  2. In old age,thymosins production is more so immunity is strong

  3. Thymosins are produced by thyroid gland

  4. Both B and C

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:
The hormone that is released from the thymus is called thymosin. They are involved in the synthesis of T-cells. Hence, these hormones are involved in cell-mediated immunity. They also modulate the production of antibodies in a person. The thymus reduces in size with age and so does the release of thymosin. Thymosin has also been reported to be released from some other organs.
So, the correct answer is 'B, In old age, thymosins production is more so immunity is strong'.

How many statements given below are the examples of "Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity".
A. In case of snake bites, the injection which is given to the patients, contain preformed antibodies against the snake venom.
B. The fetus recieves some antibodies from their mother through the placenta during pregnancy
C. Colostrum secreted by mother during the initial day of lactation has abundant antibodies to protect the infant.
D. 'ATS' (Anti-tetanus serum) provides temporary protection in case of injuries and burns

zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

  1. One

  2. Two

  3. Three

  4. Four

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The foetus receives some antibodies from their mother through the placenta during pregnancy and colostrum secreted by mother during the initial days of lactation has abundant antibodies (IgA) to protect the infant. These are the two examples of naturally acquired passive immunity.

So, the correct option is 'two'

The immunity developed after the body has recovered from a disease is called

zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

  1. natural acquired active immunity

  2. natural acquired passive immunity

  3. artificial acquired active immunity

  4. artificial acquired passive immunity

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Natural acquired active immunity occurs when the person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result of the primary immune response.

So, the correct option is 'Natural acquired active immunity'.

The ability of the body's immune system to recognize its own tissues is known as

zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

  1. Immunologic tolerance

  2. Autoimmunity

  3. Severe combined immunodeficiency disease

  4. Hypersensitivity

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Immunologic tolerance is the state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to substances or tissues that have the potential to induce an immune response. Self-tolerance to individuals own antigen is achieved through central and peripheral tolerance.

So, the correct option is 'Immunologic tolerance'.

Which of the following is not a part of the inflammatory response

bio-chemistry immunology innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

  1. Antibodies

  2. Swelling

  3. Redness

  4. Presence of histamine

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Inflammation, a response triggered by damage to living tissues. The inflammatory response is a defence mechanism that evolved in higher organisms to protect them from infection and injury. Its purpose is to localize and eliminate the injurious agent and to remove damaged tissue components so that the body can begin to heal. The four cardinal signs of inflammation—redness (Latin rubor), heat (calor), swelling (tumor), and pain (dolor).


So, the correct option is 'Antibodies'.

Which of the following is not characteristic of the early stages of a localized inflammatory response?

bio-chemistry immunology innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

  1. Increased permeability of capillaries

  2. Attack by cytotoxic T-cells

  3. Release of histamine

  4. Dilatation of blood vessels

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Inflammation is a very prominent response to TNF-α. There are four typical signs of inflammation, erythema (redness), heat, swelling, and pain. These are a consequence of increased blood flow and capillary permeability, the influx of phagocytic cells, and tissue damage. Increased blood flow is caused by constriction of the capillaries that carry blood away from the infected area, and leads to engorgement of the capillary network. Erythema and an increase in tissue temperature accompany capillary constriction. In addition, the permeability of capillaries increases, allowing cells and fluid to leave and enter the surrounding tissue. These fluids have a higher protein content than the fluids normally found in tissues, causing swelling.


So, the correct option is 'Option B'.

Histamine released by the lymphocytes causes inflammatory response

bio-chemistry immunology innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

  1. True

  2. False

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

One of the best-known chemical mediators released from cells during inflammation is histamine, which triggers vasodilation and increases vascular permeability. Stored in granules of circulating basophils and mast cells, histamine is released immediately when these cells are injured.


So, the correct option is 'True'.

In the inflammatory response, the absence of which one of the following would prevent all the others from happening?

bio-chemistry immunology innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

  1. Release of histamine

  2. Dilatation of arterioles

  3. Increased population of phagocytes in the area

  4. Increased permeability of blood vessels

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Histamine, biologically active substance found in a great variety of living organisms. It is distributed widely. The effect histamine has on blood vessels is crucial to its role in the immune response, which is most clearly observed in inflammation i.e., the local reaction of bodily tissues to injury caused by physical damage, infection, or allergic reaction. Injured tissue mast cells  release histamine, causing the surrounding blood vessels to dilate and increase in permeability. This allows fluid and cells of the immune system, such as leukocytes (white blood cells) and blood plasma proteins, to leak from the bloodstream through the vessel walls and migrate to the site of tissue injury or infection, where they begin to fight the infection and nourish and heal the injured tissues..


So, the correct option is 'Option A'.

Wandering cells are

evs our body- its internal organ system innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

  1. Histiocytes

  2. Mast cells

  3. Leukocytes

  4. All of the above

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The term wandering cell (or ameboid cell)[1] is used to describe cells that are found in connective tissue, but are not fixed in place. This term is used occasionally and usually refers to blood leukocytes (which are not fixed and organized in solid tissue) in particular mononuclear phagocytes.


So, the correct answer is 'Leukocytes'.

Which of the following is involved in passive immunity

zoology aids to health active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. $Ig\,A$

  2. $Ig\,E$

  3. $Ig\,M$

  4. $Ig\,E$

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Correct Option: A