Tag: endocrine system and hormone

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is synthesized and secreted under the influence of GnRH on the anterior pituitary. It regulates the development, growth, maturation of ovarian follicle, pubertal maturation and reproductive processes of the body. FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH) act synergistically in reproduction. Under the influence of FSH ovary secretes estrogen. Thus the correct answer is option C.

The major sex hormone in men is testosterone, which is produced mainly in the testes. They are crucial for male sexual and reproductive function. They are also responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in men, including facial and body hair growth, and bone and muscle development. 

Progesterone is a natural female hormone. It is called as the pregnancy hormone, it is essential before and during pregnancy. After ovulation occurs, the ovaries start to produce progesterone needed by the uterus. Progesterone causes the uterine lining or endometrium to thicken. This helps prepare a supportive environment in the uterus for a fertilized egg. After 8 to 10 weeks of pregnancy, the placenta takes over progesterone production from the ovaries and substantially increases progesterone production.

The secretion of pituitary gonadotrophic hormones is stimulated by gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus and modulated by testicular hormones. At the onset of puberty, the pituitary gland secretes GnRH, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone. In response, the hypothalamus release follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) into the male system. LH enters the testes, stimulating the Leydig cells to release testosterone. Testosterone hormone is responsible for the secondary sexual characteristics like deepening of the voice, the growth of facial, axillary, and pubic hair, and the beginnings of the sex drive.

Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder that develops when pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone during adulthood. When this happens, bones increase in size, including those of hands, feet and face. Acromegaly usually affects middle-aged adults.

Insulin and glucagon work synergistically to keep blood glucose concentrations normal. An elevated blood glucose concentration results in the secretion of insulin which leads to glucose transportation into body cells. Glucagon is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas when blood glucose is low. Glucagon's function is to cause the liver to release stored glucose from its cells into the blood. Corticoids are also responsible for the regulation of glucose metabolism. 

Human chorionic gonadotrophin is the embryonic hormone, which ensures the corpus luteum continues to produce progesterone throughout the first trimester of pregnancy. The corpus luteum continues to produce progesterone until the placenta is established (the placenta then takes over progesterone production).

Alpha cells are endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. Thy are responsible for synthesizing and secreting the peptide hormone glucagon, which elevates the glucose levels in the blood.

Most birth control pills are combination pills containing a combination of the hormones oestrogen and progesterone to prevent ovulation. A woman cannot get pregnant if she doesn't ovulate because there is no egg to be fertilized. The pill also works by thickening the mucus around the cervix, which makes it difficult for sperm to enter the uterus and reach any eggs that may have been released. The hormones in the pill can also sometimes affect the lining of the uterus, making it difficult for an egg to attach to the wall of the uterus.

Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar (glucose), is a serious health problem for those with diabetes. Hyperglycemia develops, when there is too much sugar in the blood.