Tag: health and diseases

• Cholera is an infection of the small intestine. The symptom includes large amounts of watery diarrhoea that lasts a few days, vomiting and muscle cramps may also occur. Diarrhoea can be so severe that it leads to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
• Diarrhoea is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day. It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss.
• Dysentery is an inflammatory disease of the intestine, especially of the colon, which always results in severe diarrhoea and abdominal pains.
  
• Hence, rehydration therapy is a must for diarrhoea, cholera and dysentery.

Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Symptoms include large amounts of watery diarrhoea that lasts a few days, vomiting and muscle cramps may also occur. Diarrhoea can be so severe that it leads within hours to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Patients suffering from cholera are given saline drop such as Ringer's lactate solution which contains sodium.  Excess sodium makes the body hold extra fluids in the cells because of the osmotic gradient. Hence, sodium helps retain water in the body.

Sir Ronald Ross was a British medical doctor who received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1902 for his work on the transmission of malaria.  While dissecting the stomach tissue of an Anopheles mosquito fed four days previously on a malaria patient, he found the oocysts (a cyst containing a zygote formed by the malaria parasite) and went on to prove the role of Anopheles mosquitoes in the transmission of malaria parasites in humans. 

Cholera is caused by cholera toxin released by Vibrio cholerae. The symptoms include severe diarrhoea, vomitting, watery stools. All these result in the dehydration. The cholera toxin activates adenylate cyclase enzyme. This results in the continuous secretion of Cl$^−$, HCO$^{−3}$ and water in the intestine. In saline drip, Na$^+$ ions helps in maintaining the sodium-potassium pump and thus retention of water. Saline drip also provides glucose which will give energy. Hence, patients suffering from cholera are given a saline drip because Na$^+$  ions help in the retention of water in the body tissues.

Explanation: The most prominent symptom of cholera is profuse, watery diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and even death.

Explanation: Cholera is spread through intake of contaminated water or food in places that lack adequate sanitation facilities.

Explanation: The stool of a cholera patient resembles rice water and has a typical fishy odor.

Explanation: Oral cholera vaccines provide only short-term immunity, which lasts for around 2 to 3 years.

• Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by out-of-control cell growth. There are over 100 different types of cancer, and each is classified by the type of cell that is initially affected.
  
• Cancer harms the body when damaged cells divide uncontrollably to form lumps or masses of tissue called tumors. Tumors can grow and interfere with the digestive, nervous, and circulatory systems, and they can release hormones that alter body function. Tumors that stay in one spot and demonstrate limited growth are generally considered to be benign.