Tag: health and diseases

Symptoms of active TB can depend on what part of the body has been infected. If active TB occurs in the lungs, the symptoms can include a cough lasting 3 weeks or more, pain in the chest area, breathing difficulty, weight loss, cough that brings blood or mucus, chills, fever, and fatigue. TB can also affect a person's brain, bones, kidneys, or spine.

Chemoprophylaxis is the method of administrating medicines for preventing disease. It is also called as Chemoprevention. Tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis is used to prevent the infection or it is also used to avoid development of disease in a person who is having latent TB. Isoniazid drug is most commonly given as a preventive measure. 

Extrapulmonary TB refers to TB that occurs in areas outside the lungs, such as the lymph nodes, bones, or abdomen, therefore it does not primarily affect the lungs.

Symptoms of active TB can depend on what part of the body has been infected. If active TB occurs in the lungs, the symptoms can include a cough lasting 3 weeks or more, pain in the chest area, breathing difficulty, weight loss, cough that brings blood or mucus, chills, fever, and fatigue. TB can also affect a person's brain, bones, kidneys, or spine.

The most common type of TB in children is pulmonary TB. In about 70 -80% of the children affected by TB, it is pulmonary TB. The rest 20% is non-pulmonary TB. The source of infection for children getting pulmonary TB is inhalation of TB bacteria which generally settles in lungs.

BCG stands for Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. BCG vaccine is given for protection against tuberculosis as a preventive measure. Isoniazid is an antibiotic used as a first-line agent for the prevention and treatment of both latent and active tuberculosis. Ethambutol is used to treat active TB infection along with other tuberculosis medications, such as isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide. 

AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is an infection which is caused by Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The causative agent of the disease is a virus and so the disease can spread from one person to the other by sexual contact. 

Mycobacterium is an aerobic and non-motile bacteria which are pathogens (some causing tuberculosis).
Cancer causing bacteria (like H.pylori causing gastric cancer) or viruses are organisms known to or suspected to cause cancer and are carcinogens.
Hepatitis A virus is responsible for causing hepatitis A infection.
Lymphadenopathy Associated virus is a human retrovirus which is another name for HIV, human immunodeficiency virus responsible for AIDS. So, this virus causes an infection, AIDS and also causes cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Radiation therapy works by damaging the DNA of rapidly dividing cells, which prevents them from replicating. Cancer cells are characterized by their rapid and uncontrolled division.

Interleukin are small proteins that are produced by a variety of cell types, especially T cells and other white blood cells, that regulate many aspects of inflammation and the immune response, including stimulating the production of white blood cells and platelets. The function of the immune system depends in a large part on interleukins and rare deficiencies of a number of them have been described, all featuring autoimmune diseases or immune deficiency. The majority of interleukins are synthesized by helper CD4 T lymphocytes, as well as through monocytes, macrophages and endothelial cells. They promote the development and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes and hematopoietic cells. Interleukin may be used to combat some forms of cancer.