Tag: diseases and immunity

Questions Related to diseases and immunity

Non-specific immunity is provided by all except ________________.

zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

  1. Kupffer cells

  2. alveolar macrophases

  3. lymphocytes

  4. neutrophils

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Which one of the following is mismatched

zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

  1. Helper T-cells-help complement react

  2. Memory T-cells-long-living line of 1-cells

  3. Suppressor T-cells-shut down the immune response

  4. Cytotoxic T-cells-active in tissue rejection

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A- Helper T cells are arguably the most important cells in adaptive immunity, as they are required for almost all adaptive immune responses. They not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells.

B- However, a small portion of long-lived T cells still remains for rapid response upon pathogen re-exposure. This kind of cells is called memory T cells. Because memory T cells have been trained to recognize specific antigens, they will trigger a faster and stronger immune response after encountering the same antigen. This is how vaccines work to protect us against infection.
C- Suppressor T cells are sensitive to high concentrations of circulating lymphokine hormones, and release their own lymphokines after an immune response has achieved its goal. This signals all other immune-system participants to cease their attack. Some memory B-cells remain after this signal to ward off a repeat attack by the invading organism.
D- A cytotoxic T cell (also known as TC, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, CTL, T-killer cell, cytolytic T cell, CD8+ T-cell or killer T cell) is a T lymphocyte (a type of white blood cell) that kills cancer cells, cells that are infected (particularly with viruses), or cells that are damaged in other ways.

So, the correct option is 'option A'.

Incorrect statement about non-specific immunity

zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

  1. It includes barriers of defence

  2. It developed by contract with pathogen

  3. It operates faster

  4. It is inherited

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Non-specific immunity operates fast and it is inherited genetically and it is developed by contact with a pathogen but it does not act as a barrier of defence.

So the correct option is 'It includes barriers of defence.'

Which of the following is not related with thymosins?

zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

  1. In addition to cell mediated immunity thymosins also promote production of antibodies to provide humorala immunity

  2. In old age,thymosins production is more so immunity is strong

  3. Thymosins are produced by thyroid gland

  4. Both B and C

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
The hormone that is released from the thymus is called thymosin. They are involved in the synthesis of T-cells. Hence, these hormones are involved in cell-mediated immunity. They also modulate the production of antibodies in a person. The thymus reduces in size with age and so does the release of thymosin. Thymosin has also been reported to be released from some other organs.
So, the correct answer is 'B, In old age, thymosins production is more so immunity is strong'.

How many statements given below are the examples of "Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity".
A. In case of snake bites, the injection which is given to the patients, contain preformed antibodies against the snake venom.
B. The fetus recieves some antibodies from their mother through the placenta during pregnancy
C. Colostrum secreted by mother during the initial day of lactation has abundant antibodies to protect the infant.
D. 'ATS' (Anti-tetanus serum) provides temporary protection in case of injuries and burns

zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

  1. One

  2. Two

  3. Three

  4. Four

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The foetus receives some antibodies from their mother through the placenta during pregnancy and colostrum secreted by mother during the initial days of lactation has abundant antibodies (IgA) to protect the infant. These are the two examples of naturally acquired passive immunity.

So, the correct option is 'two'

The immunity developed after the body has recovered from a disease is called

zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

  1. natural acquired active immunity

  2. natural acquired passive immunity

  3. artificial acquired active immunity

  4. artificial acquired passive immunity

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Natural acquired active immunity occurs when the person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result of the primary immune response.

So, the correct option is 'Natural acquired active immunity'.

The ability of the body's immune system to recognize its own tissues is known as

zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

  1. Immunologic tolerance

  2. Autoimmunity

  3. Severe combined immunodeficiency disease

  4. Hypersensitivity

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Immunologic tolerance is the state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to substances or tissues that have the potential to induce an immune response. Self-tolerance to individuals own antigen is achieved through central and peripheral tolerance.

So, the correct option is 'Immunologic tolerance'.

Human body is immunized by production of ____________ inside our body.

zoology diseases and immunity body defense system drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action

  1. Antigen

  2. Antibody

  3. Vaccines

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Human body produces antibody to immunize our body from the action of foreign material. Antibody recognizes foreign material binds to it and triggers immune response inside out body leading to phagocytosis.

First line of defense include

zoology diseases and immunity body defense system drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action

  1. Skin

  2. Mucous

  3. Lysosyme secretion

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
The first line of defense (non-specific barrier): These are a combination of physical and chemical barriers that prevent all types of foreign agents from penetrating the outer layer of the body. No specific foreign agent is targeted at this level.
The barriers are:
1. The skin – provides an impervious barrier to pathogens.
2. Mucous membranes – line the entrances to the body such as in the respiratory tract entrances. Mucus produced by these membranes traps foreign particles and directs them out of the body.
3. Hairs and cilia – (nasal hairs) trap dust and dirt; (microscopic cilia) line some mucous membranes and direct foreign particles out of the body.
4. Gastric juice, vaginal secretions, and urine – acidic fluids that have a protective function.
5. Tears, sweat and saliva – body fluids which possess some anti-bacterial properties.
6. Cerumen (ear wax) – produced in the ear canal and protects the canal by trapping dirt and dust particles.
So, the correct answer is option D.

Stomach clears out pathogen by

zoology diseases and immunity body defense system drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action

  1. Secreting HCl

  2. Secreting digestive enzymes

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach. It is highly acidic (pH 1.5 to 2) in nature and almost all the pathogens which enter the stomach through the ingested food are killed at this pH. The digestive enzyme pepsin released by the stomach can digest proteins but cannot actually kill the pathogens. Hence, the correct answer is 'HCl'.