Tag: in the land of kerala

Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan were the Mysore sultans who marched to Kerala. They ruled Malabar between 1766 and 1792.

By the second half of the 18th century the Sultans of Mysore, Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan marched towards Kerala and led military campaigns which created frenzy among the Naduvazhis of northern Kerala. Nediyiruppu, Kola and other smaller Swaroopams quickly came under the Mysore Sultans. Thus, fearing the attack from Mysore Sultans many Naduvazhis and Desavazhis fled to Venadu.

There were three broad types of land based on the ownership right during the Medieval period in Kerala. They were Cherikkal, Brahmaswam and Devaswam. The land under the control of the Naduvazhis was called Cherikkal.

Marthandavarma was instrumental in leading the province of Venadu into modernity. It was under him that Travancore became a modern state. Marthandavarma developed Travancore into a strong princely state in the 18th century by bringing out many administrative reforms and strengthening its militia.

The Perumals ruled Kerala during 800-1122 CE with their capital at Mahodayapuram. Perumals had a militia called Ayiram which means Thousand in Malayalam.

The Perumals ruled Kerala during 800-1122 CE with their capital at Mahodayapuram. They levied taxes from the Nadus, Nagaras (towns), Brahmin Gramas, temples, etc.

Vattezhuthu was a very popular alphabetic system in Kerala from 9th to 14th centuries. It was mostly inscribed on rocks or copper plates. Vattezhuthu was prevalent in Tamil Nadu as well.

Owners of devaswam land were called Ooralar . The rulers, Brahmins or the people of the temple did not directly cultivate in this land. They used to give the land for cultivation to middle men called, Karalar . Accordingly a power hierarchy was formed with Naduvazhis at the top, and Ooralars and Karalars below them.

There were three broad types of land based on the ownership right during the Medieval period in Kerala. They were Cherikkal, Brahmaswam and Devaswam. The land under the control of the temples was called Devaswam.

Vattezhuthu script is the oldest of the available scripts in Malayalam. It was a proto-Tamil typescript which was the most prevalent script in Kerala during the Medieval period. This is mainly because a lot of official work and trade-related activities were documented in Tamil in the Medieval period.  However, the script couldn't help in writing Sanskrit.