Tag: in the land of kerala

The Kudis were the families of occupational groups engaged in agriculture. Many Kudis constituted the Ur.

 The Nadus were under the Perumals who ruled Kerala with their capital at Mahodayapuram. All the 14 nadus from Kolathunadu in the north to the Venad in the south accepted the rule of the Perumals, thus creating a centralised rule in Kerala for the first time. Rajasekharan, Sthanu Ravi, Kotakota Kerala Kesari, Adhithyan Kota, Ramakulasekharan were some Perumal rulers who ruled during 800-1122 CE with Mahodayapuram as their capital.

Mahodayapuram was the capital of Chera dynasty from where they ruled the kingdom. It was also an important trade centre during the later Chera period. At present, it is geographically located in Southern part of Kerala and is known by the name Kodungallur in the Thrissur district. 

The Nadus were under the Perumals who ruled Kerala with their capital at Mahodayapuram. All the 14 nadus from Kolathunadu in the north to the Venad in the south accepted the rule of the Perumals, thus creating a centralised rule in Kerala for the first time.

The Perumals ruled Kerala during 800-1122 CE with their capital at Mahodayapuram. The Perumals had royal representatives called Koyiladhikarikal.

Nadus appreared in the Kerala to denote the land where cultivation of multiple crops and paddy took place. These Nadus later included different workmen settling in these regions which led to exchange of good and commodities. Nadus thus became popular agricultural settlements. Today, generally Nadu is associated with the native village of Kerala. 

The centralized rule of the Perumals came to an end by 12th century CE. The Nadus became independent. The positions of power that eventually developed in the Nadus were known as Naduvazhi Swaroopams.

In the year 1799, Tipu Sultan was killed during the fourth Anglo-Mysore war in defending his capital, Srirangapatna.  The Nawab of Carnatic provided help to the Europeans and hence, the East India Company army with the support of Nizam of Hyderabad were successful in defeating Tipu Sultan.

After the end of the centralized rule of the Perumals, the Nadus were free and the positions of power that developed in the Nadus were known as Naduvazhi Swaroopams. The Swaroopams were the ruling families with the right of self-rule and they followed matrilineal system of inheritance called Marumakkathayam.

The Swaroopams had their own military. Arisippadijanam of Venadu, Padamalanayanmar of Kolathu Nadu and Lokaru of Nediyiruppu were such armies.