Tag: carbohydrate metabolism

Questions Related to carbohydrate metabolism

Common immediate source of energy in cellular activity is 

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism energy output living organisms and energy production respiration in cell

  1. DNA

  2. ATP

  3. RNA

  4. NAD.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. The energy released by oxidation of organic molecules is transferred into high energy phosphate bonds of ATP, which can be readily utilised when a cell needs energy. One of the three phosphates of ATP is broken down to release energy. Thus, ATP is the intermediate energy transferring compound. 

So, the correct option is  'ATP'

The amount of energy given by one mole of ATP is

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism energy output living organisms and energy production respiration in cell

  1. 7.3 kcal

  2. 721 kcal

  3. 7600 kcal

  4. 1000 kcal

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Energy currency (reservoir) of the cells is

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism energy output living organisms and energy production respiration in cell

  1. AMP

  2. ATP

  3. ENA

  4. DNA

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

ATP or adenosine triphosphate is considered to be the energy currency of the cell as it has three high energy phosphate bonds.

When the cell needs energy on of the first bond of the ATP is broken down and energy is used for cellular needs.
In the entire body wherever energy or heat generation takes place it results in the conservation of energy in the form of ATP so that the minimum amount of heat is lost and the body can store ATP for future use.
So, the correct option is 'ATP'

Oxidation of a molecule of acetyl CoA produces

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism energy output living organisms and energy production respiration in cell

  1. 12 ATP

  2. 15 ATP

  3. 6 ATP

  4. 19 ATP.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The acetyl CoA produced from pyruvic acid as a result of link reaction enters Krebs' cycle by forming citric acid from oxaloacetic acid. When 1 molecule of acetyl CoA completes 1 round of Krebs' cycle, it produces 3 NADH+H+, 1 FADH2 and 1 ATP. So after going through ETS, a total of 12 ATP is yielded ( 3*3  + 1*2  + 1 ).

So the answer is '12ATP'.

Maximum amount of energy/ATP is liberated on oxidation of

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism energy output living organisms and energy production respiration in cell

  1. Fats

  2. Proteins

  3. Starch

  4. Vitamins

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Fats are complex molecules composed of fatty acids and glycerol. The body needs fats for growth and energy.
Fats are the slowest source of energy but the most energy-efficient form of food. Each gram of fat supplies the body with about 9 grams of energy. 
The oxidation of fats releases the maximum amount of energy.
So, the correct option is 'Fats'

Number of ATP molecules which can be built on complete oxidation of pyruvic acid is

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism energy output living organisms and energy production respiration in cell

  1. 6

  2. 2

  3. 15

  4. 30

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The breakdown glucose takes place during glycolysis in which there is a net gain of 8 ATP. The pyruvic acid so formed undergoes oxidative decarboxylation and thus forms acetyl CoA. This reaction leads in the formation of 2 NADH₂ molecules. It results in the formation of 6 ATP.

Therefore if the complete oxidation of pyruvic acid takes place when there is a net gain of 15 ATP.
So, the correct option is '15ATP'

Out of 36 ATP molecules produced per glucose molecule during respiration

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism energy output living organisms and energy production respiration in cell

  1. 2 are produced outside glycolysis and 34 during respiratory chain

  2. 2 are produced outside mitochondria and 34 inside mitochondria

  3. 2 during glycolysis and 34 during Krebs cycle

  4. All are formed inside mitochondria

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

2 ATP from glycolysis which takes place in the cytoplasm and other cellular respiration processes takes place in mitochondria which gives 34 ATP.

So, the correct option is '2 are produced outside mitochondria and 34 inside mitochondria.'

Energy released in aerobic respiration is higher than the one available from anaerobic respiration by

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism energy output living organisms and energy production respiration in cell

  1. 8 times.

  2. 18 times.

  3. 28 times.

  4. 36 times.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Aerobic respiration produces 36 ATP and anaerobic respiration makes on 2 ATP with a single molecule of glucose.

So the correct option is '18 times.'

Maximum energy becomes available per mole of glucose when it is metabolised through

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism energy output living organisms and energy production respiration in cell

  1. Glycolysis in skeletal muscle of a sprinter.

  2. Fermentation into ethanol by yeast.

  3. Fermentation into methanol by enteric bacteria.

  4. Aerobic respiration.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Cells performing aerobic respiration synthesize much more ATP, but not as part of glycolysis. 

So the correct option is 'Aerobic respiration'.

In aerobic respiration one glucose produces

bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism energy output living organisms and energy production respiration in cell

  1. $8 NADH + 2 FADH _2 + 2 ATP$

  2. $12 NADH + 2 FADH _2 + 38 ATP$

  3. $12 NADH + 30 ATP + H _2O$

  4. $10 NADH + 2 FADH _2 + 2 ATP + 2 GTP$

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
| Process |  Site |  Energy Release | | --- | --- | --- | |  Glycolysis(breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid) |  In cytoplasm |  2 ATP 2 NADH | | Decarboxylation(conversion of pyruvic acid into Acetyl co enzyme) | mitochondria |  2 ATP | |  Citric Acid Cycle(Oxidation of acetyl co enzyme)(when the cycle runs twice) | mitochondria |  8 NADH 2 FADH 2 GTP   | |  Total |   |  10+28=38 |
So the correct option is  $ 10NADH$+ $2 FADH _2$ +$2ATP$+ $2GTP$