Tag: polymer

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Multiple choice chemistry petrochemicals and polymers addition polymerisation types of polymerisation reactions polymer

Lactic acid, $ HC _{3}H _{5} O _{3},$ produced in 1 g sample of muscle tissue was titrated using phenolphthalein as indicator against $OH^{-}$ ions which were obtained by the electrolysis of water. As soon as $ OH^{-} $ ions are produced, they react with lactic acid and at complete neutralization, immediately a pink colour is noticed. If electrolysis was made for 1158 s using 50.0 mA current to reach the end point, what was the percentage of lactic acid in muscle tissue?

  1. 5.4 %

  2. 2.7%

  3. 10.8%

  4. 0.054%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Moles of OH- = (I * t) / F = (0.05 * 1158) / 96500 = 0.0006 moles. Since lactic acid (C3H6O3) is monoprotic, moles of acid = 0.0006. Mass = 0.0006 * 90 g/mol = 0.054 g. Percentage = (0.054 / 1) * 100 = 5.4%.

Multiple choice chemistry petrochemicals and polymers addition polymerisation types of polymerisation reactions polymer

Which of the following polymers can be made by cationic addition polymerisation mechanism ?

  1. PVC

  2. PP

  3. HDPE

  4. LDPE
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

HDPE (high-density polyethene) and LDPE (low-density polyethene) polymerize by Ziegler-Natta Catalytic Polymerization reaction. 


PVC (polyvinyl chloride) polymerizes by radical polymerization. 

PP (polypropene) polymerizes by the cationic polymerization reaction.

Multiple choice chemistry petrochemicals and polymers addition polymerisation types of polymerisation reactions polymer

Order the following monomers with respect to their expected reactivity toward cationic polymerization and explain your answer.
$\displaystyle { H } _{ 2 }C={ CHCH } _{ 3 }$, $\displaystyle { H } _{ 2 }C=CHCl$, $\displaystyle { H } _{ 2 }C=CH-{ C } _{ 6 }{ H } _{ 5 }$, $\displaystyle { H } _{ 2 }C={ CHCO } _{ 2 }{ CH } _{ 3 }$.

  1. $\displaystyle { H } _{ 2 }C={ CHCO } _{ 2 }{ CH } _{ 3 }\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C=CHCl\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C{ =CHCH } _{ 3 }\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C=CH\quad -{ C } _{ 6 }{ H } _{ 5 }$
  2. $\displaystyle { H } _{ 2 }C=CHCl\quad <{ H } _{ 2 }C={ CHCO } _{ 2 }{ CH } _{ 3 }\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C{ =CHCH } _{ 3 }\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C=CH\quad -{ C } _{ 6 }{ H } _{ 5 }$
  3. $\displaystyle { H } _{ 2 }C={ CHCO } _{ 2 }{ CH } _{ 3 }\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C{ =CHCH } _{ 3 }\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C=CHCl\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C=CH\quad -{ C } _{ 6 }{ H } _{ 5 }$
  4. $\displaystyle { H } _{ 2 }C={ CHCO } _{ 2 }{ CH } _{ 3 }\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C=CHCl\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C=CH\quad -{ C } _{ 6 }{ H } _{ 5 } <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C{ =CHCH } _{ 3 }\quad$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

$\text{reactivity is proportional to tendecy of donating electron by braking double bonds.}$

$\displaystyle { H } _{ 2 }C={ CHCO } _{ 2 }{ CH } _{ 3 }\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C=CHCl\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C{ =CHCH } _{ 3 }\quad <\quad { H } _{ 2 }C=CH\quad -{ C } _{ 6 }{ H } _{ 5 }$

Multiple choice chemistry petrochemicals and polymers addition polymerisation types of polymerisation reactions polymer

An example of chain-growth polymer is:

  1. Nylon - $6,6$

  2. Bakelite

  3. Terylene

  4. Teflon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Chain-growth polymerization or chain polymerization is a polymerization technique where unsaturated monomer molecules add onto the active site of a growing polymer chain one at a time. Growth of the polymer occurs only at one (or possibly more) ends. Addition of each monomer unit regenerates the active site.
Polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and teflon  are common types of plastics made by chain-growth polymerization.

Hence, option D is correct.
Multiple choice chemistry petrochemicals and polymers addition polymerisation types of polymerisation reactions polymer

The monomer unit of PVC is:

  1. propene

  2. vinyl chloride

  3. vulcanised rubber

  4. none of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The monomer unit of PVC is vinyl chloride. The full form of PVC is Polyvinyl chloride.
$ \displaystyle  \underset {  \displaystyle  \text {vinyl chloride } }{   nCH _2=   \underset {   \underset {\displaystyle Cl}{|}  }{C} H} \xrightarrow { \text { polymerisation }}    \underset {  \displaystyle  \text { Polyvinyl chloride
} }{   (-CH _2-   \underset {   \underset {\displaystyle Cl}{|}  }{C} H -) _n}$
Multiple choice chemistry petrochemicals and polymers addition polymerisation types of polymerisation reactions polymer

The other names of PVC is/are:

  1. polychloroethylene

  2. polyvinylidene chloride

  3. polychlororthene

  4. none of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The full form of PVC is Polyvinyl chloride. It is polymer of vinyl chloride.
$ \displaystyle  \underset {  \displaystyle  \text {vinyl chloride } }{   nCH _2=   \underset {   \underset {\displaystyle Cl}{|}  }{C} H} \xrightarrow { \text { polymerisation }}    \underset {  \displaystyle  \text { Polyvinyl chloride
} }{   (-CH _2-   \underset {   \underset {\displaystyle Cl}{|}  }{C} H -) _n}$

Multiple choice chemistry petrochemicals and polymers addition polymerisation types of polymerisation reactions polymer

The full form of PVC is:

  1. polyvulcanised chloride

  2. pure vulcanised chlorine

  3. polyvinyl chloride

  4. none of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The full form of PVC is Polyvinyl chloride. It is polymer of vinyl chloride.
$ \displaystyle  \underset {  \displaystyle  \text {vinyl chloride } }{   nCH _2=   \underset {   \underset {\displaystyle Cl}{|}  }{C} H} \xrightarrow { \text { polymerisation }}    \underset {  \displaystyle  \text { Polyvinyl chloride
} }{   (-CH _2-   \underset {   \underset {\displaystyle Cl}{|}  }{C} H -) _n}$

Multiple choice chemistry petrochemicals and polymers addition polymerisation types of polymerisation reactions polymer

Which of the following is added to improve flexibility of PVC?

  1. Rubber

  2. Plasticizers

  3. Ethane

  4. Flexicizers
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

With some additives in PVC, the physical and mechanical properties are improved.

Different additives such as plasticizers, fillers, stabilizer, pigments were mixed. These are added in order to increase the elongation i.e; its flexibility.