Tag: botany

Questions Related to botany

Cellular totipotency is demonstrated by

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Only gymnosperm cells

  2. All plant cells

  3. All eukaryotic cells

  4. Only bacterial cells

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Totipotency is the ability of a single cell to divide and produce all of the differentiated cells in an organism. Many somatic plant cells, including some fully differentiated types (e.g., leaf mesophyll), provided they contain intact nuclear, plastid and mitochondrial genomes, have the capacity to regenerate into whole plants. This phenomenon is totipotency.

Explant is

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Plant collected after harvesting

  2. Exploited part of a plant

  3. Small part of the plant meant for tissue culture

  4. Uprooted for transplantation

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Explant culture is a technique used for the isolation of cells from a piece or pieces of tissue. Tissue harvested in this manner is called as an explant. It can be a portion of the shoot, leaves or some cells from a plant or can be any part of the tissue from an animal or from umblical cord tissue. So, explant is small part of the plant meant for tissue culture and not uprooted for transplantation, plant, collected after harvesting or exploited part of a plant

So, the correct answer is 'Small part of the plant meant for tissue culture'

The method of asexual reproduction in plants in which callus is produced is

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Layering

  2. Grafting

  3. Regeneration

  4. Micropropagation

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Correct Option: D

Micropropagation is

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Germination of seed with cotyledons above the soil

  2. A technique to obtain new plants by cultivating the cells or tissues in culture medium

  3. The mature stage of endosperm

  4. To manufacture sperm

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Micropropagation is the method of large production of plantlets in a less time. In this method, a small piece of plant tissue (explant) is cultured in a sterile medium which later develops into new plantlets. The offsprings produced by this methods are the exact copy of their parent plant. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Cloning is obtained through

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Hybridisation

  2. Cross-pollination

  3. Self-pollination

  4. Micropropagation

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Micropropagation is the method of large production of plantlets in a less time. In this method, a small piece of plant tissue (explant) is cultured in a sterile medium which later develops into new plantlets. The offsprings produced by this methods are the exact copy of their parent plant and are known as somaclones. So, the technique of micropropagation is also known as cloning.

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

What is micropropagation?  

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Germination of seed with cotyledons above the soil.

  2. A technique to obtain new plants by cultivating the cells or tissues in culture medium.

  3. The mature stage of endosperm.

  4. To manufacture hormones.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Micropropagation is a technique to obtain new plants by cultivating the cell or tissue in culture medium through tissue culture.

So, the correct answer is 'A technique to obtain new plants by cultivating the cells or tissues in culture medium'

Most plant tissue cultures are initiated from

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Callus

  2. Explants

  3. Plantlets

  4. Protoplasts

  5. Anthers

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The tissue obtained from a plant to be cultured is called an explant. Explants can be taken from different many parts of a plant, including portions of shoots, leaves, stems, flowers, roots, single undifferentiated cells and from many types of mature cells provided are they still contain living cytoplasm and nuclei and are able de-differentiate and resume cell division. This has given rise to the concept of totipotentency of plant cells. So, the correct answer is 'Explants'.

Callus culture is useful for purposes like

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. It helps in the production of secondary plant products.

  2. It is useful for the synthesis of starting compounds that are subsequently modified to yield the desired product.

  3. It is the starting materials for vegetative propagation of plants.

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Callus culture is useful for many purposes:
1  Callus is the starting material for the suspension culture which cells are separated.
2. It helps in the production of secondary plant products.
3. It is useful for the synthesis of starting compounds that are subsequently modified to yield the desired product.
4. It is the starting materials for vegetative propagation of plants.

In plant tissue culture, undifferentiated tissue is referred to as

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Callus

  2. Bark

  3. Xylem

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In plant tissue culture, undifferentiated tissue is referred to as callus, although a callus can contain meristematic nodules that may not be obvious to the naked eye but which never develop further unless suitable conditions are supplied.

Reproducing plants by cells instead of seeds is called as

botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

  1. Tissue culture

  2. Amphimixis

  3. Mutation

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Tissue culture is a process that involves exposing plant tissue to a specific regimen of nutrients, hormones, and light under sterile, in vitro conditions to produce many new plants, each a clone of the original mother plant, over a very short period of time. The term plant tissue culture (micro propagation) is generally used for the aseptic culture of cells, tissues, organs and their components under defined chemical and physical conditions in vitro.