Tag: botany

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Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

What is micropropagation?

  1. Germination of seed with cotyledons above the soil.

  2. A technique to obtain new plants by cultivating the cells or tissues in culture medium.

  3. The mature stage of endosperm.

  4. To manufacture hormones.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Tissue culture, also known as micropropagation, is a propagation method used to produce plants under sterile conditions. 
  • This method uses plant explants (plant parts) or seeds that have been sterilized before being placed in containers with a growing medium (usually a gel) that has some nutrients added. 
  • Micropropagation is the growing of plants from meristematic tissue or somatic cells of superior plants on nutrient suitable media under controlled aseptic physical conditions.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

A clone is a group of individuals obtained through______________

  1. Hybridisation

  2. Cross-pollination

  3. Self-pollination

  4. Micropropagation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • Cells derived from a single cell through mitosis constitute a clone and the process of obtaining clones is called cloning (asexual progeny of a single individual make up a clone). 
  • Plant tissue culture or micropropagation is the technique of maintaining and growing plant cells, tissues or organs especially on artificial medium in suitable containers under controlled environmental conditions.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Consider the statements A-D.
A. Production of plants in an artificial synthetic medium is known as micro propagation.
B. Callus is the cellular mass of tissue developed in the early stage of tissue culture.
C. Orchids, dahlia and carnation plants are raised by means of micropropagation.
D. Air layering (gootee) is practised in grape, rose, raspberry and strawberry plants.
The correct statements are given in

  1. Statements A, B and C

  2. Statements A and B

  3. Statements B, C and D

  4. Statements A, B, C and D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Micropropagation is a more recent practice for growing plants in a culture medium by providing them with all the necessary nutrients and inducing their growth artificially. So, statement A is correct.
  • In the case of growth of plants through asexual means using tissue culture, first of all, the mass of cells is formed which is then differentiated into different cells and forms the entire plant body. This cell mass is called callus. So, statement B is also correct.
  • Examples of micropropagation growth include orchids, dahlia, etc. So, the statement C is also correct.
Examples of Gootee include lychee, pili nut, jack fruit, etc.
So, statement D is incorrect.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Micropropagation means

  1. Preparation of tissue in the laboratory

  2. Genetic engineering

  3. Growth of plantlets in nutrient media in the laboratory

  4. Preparation of new tissue by DNA recombination
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Micropropagation is a tissue culture technique for plant propagation in which tissue is taken from a plant and grown in a laboratory to produce plants that are genetically identical to the parent. The small portion of plant tissue, sometimes only a single cell, is placed on a growth medium, typically containing sucrose as an energy source.

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany tissue culture common modes of vegetative propagation plant breeding for food production plant tissue culture

Callus is not produced in

  1. Wound

  2. Tissue culture

  3. Suspension culture

  4. Sexual reproduction.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Callus is an undifferentiated mass of cells, that is formed to heal wounds, in tissue culture and suspension culture. However, they are not produced sexual reproduction as it includes formation of gametes and fusion.
So the correct answer is 'Sexual reproduction'
Multiple choice botany the mitotic cell cycle chromosome and its structure chromosome nucleus and chromosome

During cell division, spindle fibers attach to which part of chromosomes?

  1. Primary constriction

  2. Secondary constriction

  3. Chromomere

  4. Chromatid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

During cell division, spindle fibers attach to primary constriction of the chromosomes. Spindle fibres are mainly composed of microtubules which contract and relax to align the chromosomes at a particular orientation.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany the mitotic cell cycle chromosome and its structure chromosome nucleus and chromosome

Bead like thickened portions of leptotene chromosomes are 

  1. Centromeres

  2. Chromomeres

  3. Centrioles

  4. Chromocenters
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Bead-like thickened portions of leptotene chromosomes is chromomeres. During the leptotene stage, those duplicated chromosomes each consisting of two sister chromatids condense from diffuse chromatin into long, thin strands that are more visible within the cytoplasm.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany the mitotic cell cycle chromosome and its structure chromosome nucleus and chromosome

Most of the DNA of living beings is present in the 

  1. Cytosome

  2. Nucleosome

  3. Chromosme

  4. Protosome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A chromosome is composed of DNA and proteins. DNA are the hereditary units which mainly carries the information from one generation to the other. The functional segments of the DNA are known as genes. Proteins are mainly present as histones which form a complex structure known as a nucleosome.

So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany the mitotic cell cycle chromosome and its structure chromosome nucleus and chromosome

Apart from sex chromosome, which is the other type of chromosome?

  1. Autosome

  2. Cytosome

  3. Both A and B

  4. Protosome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Chromosomes in humans can be divided into two types, autosomes, and sex chromosome. The sex chromosomes carry the characters linked to a particular trait. The autosomes contain the rest of the genetic hereditary information. Human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes (22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes), giving a total of 46 per cell.

So, the correct answer is option A. 

Multiple choice botany the mitotic cell cycle chromosome and its structure chromosome nucleus and chromosome

.......... gives chromosome its characteristic shape.

  1. Centrosome

  2. Centromere

  3. Centriole

  4. P-arm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A chromosome is composed of DNA and proteins. DNA are the hereditary units which mainly carries the information from one generation to the other. The functional segments of the DNA are known as genes. Proteins are mainly present as histones which form a complex structure known as a nucleosome.
Each chromosome has a point where sister chromatids attached and give shape to the chromosome, called as the centromere, which divides the chromosome into two sections, or arms. It can be used to describe the location of specific genes. 
So, the correct answer is option B.