Tag: botany

A callus is an unorganized mass of proliferating parenchyma cells that develops from an explant in culture media.

Plant callus is a mass of unorganized cells derived from plant tissue for use in biological research and biotechnology. In plant biology, callus cells are those cells that cover a plant wound. Callus formation is induced from plant tissues after surface sterilization and plating onto in vitro tissue culture medium. Plant growth regulators, such as auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins are supplemented into the medium to initiate callus formation or somatic embryogenesis.

Explant is any portion taken from a plant that will be used to initiate a culture. It can be a portion of the shoot or of the leaves or even just some cells. It is a piece of sterile plant tissue to be used for tissue culture under aseptic conditions. Inoculant is the active material used in an inoculation. Clones are organisms that are exact genetic copies. Somacloning is cloning of plant with a single cell. 

Philip White, R.J. Gautheret, and P. Nobecourt are all pioneers who independently and successfully established callus cultures in the 1930s.

In vitro refers to experiments performed in a controlled environment outside a living organism, such as in a test tube or petri dish.

• Totipotency is the ability of a single cell to divide and produce all of the differentiated cells in an organism. 
  
• For example, Spores and zygotes are examples of totipotent cells.
• Hence a plant cell has the potential to develop into a full plant. The property is called Totipotency.
• So, the correct answer is 'Totipotency'.

• Cellular totipotency is the ability of a single cell to produce all cell types and to organize them into an entire organism when cultured in a suitable culture medium at an appropriate temperature and aeration conditions. For example, Spores and zygote are examples of the totipotent cell.
  
• The concept of totipotency was established by a German Botanist, Professor Gottlieb Haberlandt in 1902 in the plant body. He stated that every living cell of the plant body able to regenerate the whole plant body because it is derived from the fertilized egg and contain hereditary information.
• Hence concept of cellular totipotency was established by Haberlandt.
• So, the correct answer is 'Haberlandt'.

Philip White is credited with the first successful continuous culture of tomato roots in 1934, though some sources cite 1932 for his early work on root tips.

Gottlieb Haberlandt, often called the father of plant tissue culture, proposed the concept of cellular totipotency in 1902.

F.C. Steward and his colleagues famously demonstrated cellular totipotency using carrot phloem cells in the 1950s.