Tag: rate of chemical reaction

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Multiple choice chemistry chemical kinetics kinetic study of some first order reactions rate of chemical reaction endothermic and exothermic reactions

For the reaction of first order, $2{ N } _{ 2 }{ O } _{ 5 }\left( g \right) \rightleftharpoons 4N{ O } _{ 2 }\left( g \right) +{ O } _{ 2 }\left( g \right) $, which of the following statements are correct?

  1. The concentration of the reactant decreases exponentially with time.

  2. The half-life of the reaction decreases with increasing temperature.

  3. The half-life of the reaction depends on the initial concentration of the reactant.
  4. The reaction proceeds to $99.6$% completion in eight half-life duration.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A,B,D Correct answer
Explanation
For 1st order reaction,
$a _t=a _0e^{-kt}$
Also, $t _{1/2}=\frac{In2}{k}$ or $t _{1/2}\alpha \frac{1}{k}$
As the temperature increases, value of k also increases due to which $t _{1/2}$ decreases.
For 99.6% completion, $a _t=(\frac{100-99.6}{100})a _0=\frac{4a _0}{1000}$
$t=\frac{1}{k}In\frac{a _0}{4a-0/1000}=\frac{1}{k}In\frac{1000}{4}$
$=(\frac{t _{1/4}}{In2}).In250$
$t=8t _{1/2}$
Multiple choice chemistry chemical kinetics kinetic study of some first order reactions rate of chemical reaction endothermic and exothermic reactions

For the reaction, ${\text{2}}{{\text{N}} _{\text{2}}}{{\text{O}} _{\text{5}}} \to {\text{4N}}{{\text{O}} _{\text{2}}} + {{\text{O}} _{\text{2}}}$, the value of rate and rate constant are $1.02\times 10^{-4} M/s$ and $3.4 \times {10^{ - 3}}{\sec ^{ - 1}}$ respectively. The concentration of ${{\text{N}} _{\text{2}}}{{\text{O}} _{\text{5}}}$ at that time will be: (in terms of molarity)

  1. $1.732$
  2. $3$
  3. ${\text{1}}{\text{.02}} \times {\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{ - 4}}$
  4. $3.4 \times {10^4}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice chemistry chemical kinetics kinetic study of some first order reactions rate of chemical reaction endothermic and exothermic reactions

The hydrolysis of ethyl acetate,
$CH _{3}COOC _{2}H _{5} + H _{2}O\xrightarrow {H^{+}} CH _{3}COOH + C _{2}H _{5}OH$ is a reaction of:

  1. zero order

  2. pseudo first order

  3. second order

  4. third order
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A reaction which is not the first-order reaction naturally but made the first order by increasing or decreasing the concentration of one or the other reactant is known as Pseudo first-order reaction. 


Hydrolysis of ethyl acetate in presence of an excess of water:

$CH _3COOC _2H _5+H _2O(\text{excess}) \xrightarrow{H+} CH _3COOH+C _2H _5OH$

$r = k[CH _3COOC _2H _5]^2[H _2O]^0$

Excess $[H _2O]$ can cause the independency of reaction on $H _2O$.


Hence, it is a pseudo-first-order reaction.

Hence, the correct answer is option $\text{B}$.

Multiple choice chemistry chemical kinetics kinetic study of some first order reactions rate of chemical reaction endothermic and exothermic reactions

In the following reaction $2H _{2}O _{2}\rightarrow 2H _{2}O+O _{2}$ rate of formation of $O _{2}$ is 3.6 M $ min^{-1}.$ The rate of formation of $H _{2}O$ is:

  1. $7.2 \, mol litre^{-1}min^{-1}$
  2. $7.8 \, mol litre^{-1}min^{-1}$
  3. $7.9 \, mol litre^{-1}min^{-1}$
  4. $7.5 \, mol litre^{-1}min^{-1}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The rate of formation of water is twice the rate of formation of oxygen.
$\frac {d[H _2O]} {dt}=2\frac {d[H _2O]} {dt}=2 \times 3.6  M  min^{-1} = 7.2 \, mol litre^{-1}min^{-1}$

Multiple choice chemistry chemical kinetics kinetic study of some first order reactions rate of chemical reaction endothermic and exothermic reactions

At ${ 380 }^{ 0 }C$, the half life period for the first order decomposition of ${ H } _{ 2 }{ O } _{ 2 }$ is 360 minutes. The energy of activation of the reaction is 200 kJ ${ mol }^{ -1 }$. Calculate the time required for 75% decomposition at $450^{0}C$?

  1. 60 min

  2. 40 min

  3. 20.34 min

  4. 10 min
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

$k _1 = \ \cfrac { 0.693 }{ 360 }= 1.92\times{ 10 }^{ -3 }{ min }^{ -1 }$

$\ log\cfrac { k _2 }{ k _1 } =\left( \cfrac { Ea }{ 2.303R }  \right) \left[ \left( \cfrac { { T } _{ 2 }-{ T } _{ 1 } }{ { T } _{ 1 }{ T } _{ 2 } }  \right)  \right]=  \cfrac { \left( 200\times { 10 }^{ 3 } \right)  }{ \left( 2.303\times 8.314 \right) \left[ \left( \cfrac { 723-653 }{ 653\times 723 }  \right)  \right]  } =  \cfrac { \left( 200\times { 10 }^{ 3 }\times 70 \right)  }{ \left( 2.303\times 8.314\times 653\times 723 \right)  } = 1.5487$

$\cfrac { k _2 }{ k _1 }  = Antilog (1.5487)= 35.38$, $k _2 = 35.38 \times 1.92 \times$ ${ 10 }^{ -3 } = 6.792 \times { 10 }^{ -2 }{ min }^{ -1 }$

Rate at $450^oC$, t = $\ \left( \cfrac { 2.303 }{ k _2 }  \right) log\left( \cfrac { 100 }{ 100-75 }  \right) $= $\ \left( \cfrac { 2.303 }{ 6.792\times { 10 }^{ -3 } }  \right) log\left( \cfrac { 100 }{ 25 }  \right) = \left( \cfrac { 2.303\times 0.6021 }{ 6.792\times { 10 }^{ 2 } }  \right)= 20.34$ minutes.

Multiple choice chemistry chemical kinetics kinetic study of some first order reactions rate of chemical reaction endothermic and exothermic reactions

For the decomposition of $H _2O _2(aq.)$, it was found that $V _{O _2} (t=15 min.)$ was 100 mL (at 0$^oC$ and 1 atm) while $V _{O _2}$ (maximum) was 200 mL (at 0$^oC$ and 2 atm). If the same reaction had been followed by the titration method and if $V _{KMnO _4}^{cM} (t = 0)$ had been 40 mL, what would $V _{KMnO _4}^{cM}(t = 15 min)$ have been?

  1. 30 mL

  2. 25 mL

  3. 20 mL

  4. 15 mL
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

200 ml at 2 atm corresponds to 400 ml at 1 atm. This is the maximum value
In 15 minutes, the volume is 100 ml.
Thus one fourth of the reaction is complete in 15 minutes.
Hence, the volume of $KMnO _4$ will be $\displaystyle \frac{3}{4} \times 40 = 30 mL$

Multiple choice chemistry chemical kinetics kinetic study of some first order reactions rate of chemical reaction endothermic and exothermic reactions

Which of the following are example of pseudo unimolecular reactions?
1. Inversion of cane sugar
2. Decomposition of ozone
3. Decomposition of $N _{2} O _{5}$
4. Acid catalysed by hydrolysis of ester

  1. 2 and 4

  2. 1 and 4

  3. 1, 2 and 4

  4. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Inversion of cane sugar and Acid catalyzed by hydrolysis of ester are examples of pseudo unimolecular reactions.
Decomposition of ozone is a bimolecular reaction.
Decomposition of dintirogen pentoxide is also a bimolecular reaction.

Multiple choice chemistry chemical kinetics kinetic study of some first order reactions rate of chemical reaction endothermic and exothermic reactions

Which of the following statement is/are correct ?

  1. The rate of the reaction involving the conversion of ortho-hydrogen to parahydrogen is $\displaystyle -\, \frac{d[H _2]}{dt}\, =\, k[H _2]^{3/2}$
  2. The rate of the reaction involving the thermal decomposition of acetaldehyde is $k[CH _3CHO]^{3/2}$
  3. In the formation of phosgene gas from CO and $Cl _2$, the rate of the reaction is $k[CO][Cl _2]^{1/2}$
  4. In the decomposition of $H _2O _2$, the rate of the reaction is $k[H _2O _2]$.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A,B,C,D Correct answer
Explanation

(A) The rate of the reaction involving the conversion of ortho-hydrogen to parahydrogen is $\displaystyle -\, \frac{d[H _2]}{dt}\, =\, k[H _2]^{3/2}$
The order of the reaction is 1.5.
(B) The rate of the reaction involving the thermal decomposition of acetaldehyde is $k[CH _3CHO]^{3/2}$
The order of the reaction is1.5.
(C) In the formation of phosgene gas from CO and $Cl _2$, the rate of the reaction is $k[CO][Cl _2]^{1/2}$
The order of the reaction is 1.5.
(D) In the decomposition of $H _2O _2$, the rate of the reaction is $k[H _2O _2]$.
The order of the reaction is 1.

Multiple choice chemistry chemical kinetics kinetic study of some first order reactions rate of chemical reaction endothermic and exothermic reactions

The inversion of a sugar follows first-order rate equation which can be followed by noting the change in the rotation of the plane of polarization of light in the polarimeter. If $r _{\propto},\, r _{\zeta}$ and $r _0$ are the rotations at $t\, =\, \propto$, t = t, and t = 0, then the first order reaction can be written as:

  1. $\displaystyle k\, =\, \frac{1}{t}\, log\, \frac{r _{1}\, -\, r _{\propto}}{r _{0}\, -\, r _{\propto}}$
  2. $\displaystyle k\, =\, \frac{1}{t}\, ln\, \frac{r _{0}\, -\, r _{\propto}}{r _{1}\, -\, r _{\propto}}$
  3. $\displaystyle k\, =\, \frac{1}{t}\, ln\, \frac{r _{\propto}\, -\, r _{0}}{r _{\propto}\, -\, r _{1}}$
  4. $\displaystyle k\, =\, \frac{1}{t}\, ln\, \frac{r _{\propto}\, -\, r _{1}}{r _{\propto}\, -\, r _{0}}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

For a first order reaction $\displaystyle A \rightarrow P$, the expression for the rate constant is
$\displaystyle \displaystyle k\, =\, \frac{1}{t}\, ln\, \frac{ a}{a-x}$
Here, A is reactant, P is product, a is the initial concentration of A and $a-x$ is the concentration of A at time t.

The inversion of a sugar follows first order rate equation which is given below.
$\displaystyle \displaystyle k\, =\, \frac{1}{t}\, ln\, \frac{r _{0}\, -\, r _{\infty}}{r _{t}\, -\, r _{\infty}}$
Here, $\displaystyle a = r _{0}\, -\, r _{\infty}$ and $\displaystyle a-x = r _{t}\, -\, r _{\infty}$

Multiple choice chemistry chemical kinetics kinetic study of some first order reactions rate of chemical reaction endothermic and exothermic reactions

The reaction, $Sucrose\xrightarrow [  ]{ { H }^{ + } } Glucose+Fructose$, takes  place at certain temperature while the volume of solution is maintained at $1$ litre. At time zero the initial rotation of the mixture is ${ 34 }^{ o }C$.After $30$ minutes the total rotation of solution is ${ 19 }^{ o }C$ and after a very long time, the total rotation is ${ -11 }^{ o }C$. Find the time when solution was optically inactive?

  1. $135$ min
  2. $103.7$ min
  3. $38.7$ min
  4. $45$ min
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

rate constant $k = \dfrac{2.303}{t}log\dfrac{(r _0 - r _\infty) }{(r _t-r _\infty)} = 0.0135$
At the point of optical inactiveness, rotation is zero. 

So, time taken is $ t =\dfrac{ 2.303}{k}log(45/11) = 103.7$ min.