Tag: option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics

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Questions Related to option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Wall is two-layered in

  1. Mycoplasma

  2. Archaebacteria
  3. Gram $(+)$ bacteria
  4. Gram $(-)$ bacteria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

On the basis of composition of cell wall, the bacteria are classified into two groups, namely Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Cell wall of all bacteria is made up of peptidoglycan. The gram positive bacteria contains thick layer of peptidoglycan. However, Gram negative bacteria contains thin layer of peptidoglycan. Apart from this, it also contains an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Hence, the wall of Gram negative bacteria is two-layered.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Gram (−) bacteria.'

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Cell recognition and adhesion occur due to biochemicals of cell membranes named

  1. Proteins

  2. Lipids

  3. Proteins and lipids

  4. Glycoproteins and glycolipids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Cell recognition and adhesion occur due to biochemicals of cell membranes name glycoproteins and glycolipids.
  • Glycocalyx or pericellular matrix is a carbohydrate-enriched coating of glycoprotein and a glycolipid that covers the cell membranes of few bacteria, epithelial cells and other cells. 
  • It is mainly used in the recognition of the cell (distinguish between healthy and diseased cells) and also regulates the endothelial vascular tissues.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Glycoproteins and glycolipids'.
Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Peptidoglycan (mucopeptide) is found in walls of _____________.

  1. Only Gram +ve bacteria

  2. Both Gram +ve and -ve bacteria

  3. Gram +ve, -ve bacteria and fungi

  4. Bacteria and green algae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The mucopeptide is a peptidoglycan that is insoluble in nature. It is also called as murein. It is present in almost all bacterial cell walls.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Glycocalyx is responsible for__________________.

  1. Antigens like those of blood groups ABO

  2. Immune reactions and histocompatibility

  3. Hormone receptors

  4. All the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Glycocalyx in eukaryotes (often as part of the cell coat) is involved in cell-cell recognition, immune response, and receptor function. While the term is used differently in prokaryotes, in the context of broader biological questions, it covers these functions.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella differ in

  1. Type of movement and placement

  2. Location and mode of functioning

  3. Microtubular structure and function

  4. Microtubular organisation and type of movement
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
 PROKARYOTIC FLAGELLA  EUKARYOTIC FLAGELLA 
 1) It is made up of flagellin proteins.2) It is smaller in size and is narrower.3) It is designed to perform clockwise and anti-clockwise movements.4) They do not contain microtubule-based structures. 1) It is made up of tubulin proteins.2) It is larger in size and is thicker.3) It is designed to perform back and forth movements. 4) They are made up of microtubules.

So, the correct answer is 'Microtubular organisation and type of movement'.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Choose the wrong statements regarding bacterial cell
(a) Glycocalyx is the outer most envelope in bacteria
(b) Gycocalyx could be a loose sheath called capsule
(c) Glycocalyx may be thick and tough called slime layer.
(d) A special structure formed by the plasma membrane is called mesosome.
(e) Small bristle-like fibres sprouting out of the cell are called fimbriae.

  1. a and c are wrong

  2. a and b are wrong

  3. b and c are wrong

  4. a and d are wrong

  5. c and d are wrong.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Statement (b) is wrong because a capsule is a thick, tough layer, not a loose sheath. Statement (c) is wrong because a slime layer is the loose sheath, not the thick/tough one.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Glycocalyx is associated with

  1. Plasmalemma

  2. Nucleus

  3. Nucleolus

  4. Nucleosome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Glycocalyx or pericellular matrix is a carbohydrate-enriched coating of glycoprotein and a glycolipid that covers the cell membranes of few bacteria, epithelial cells and other cells. 
  • It is mainly used in the recognition of the cell (distinguish between healthy and diseased cells) and also regulates the endothelial vascular tissues.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Plasmalemma'.