Tag: endocrine system in humans

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Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Match the following


Sr No Column A Sr.no Column B
A. ADH 1. Pituitary
B. ACTH 2. Vasodilator
C. Insulin 3. Diabetes mellitus 
D. Adrenaline 4. Diabetes insipidus
   

  1. A=1,B=4,C=2,D=3

  2. A=4,B=2,C=1,D=3

  3. A=4,B=1,C=2,D=3

  4. A=4,B=1,C=3,D=2
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
 A.  ADH  ADH in the hypothalamus stores the hormone in the pituitary gland, a small gland located in the base of the brain. ADH is released into your bloodstream when your body starts to become dehydrated. ADH then concentrates the urine by triggering the kidney tubules to release water back into your bloodstream rather than excreting as much water into your urine. Disruption of this process causes Diabetes insipidusSo the correct option is 'Diabetes insipidus'
 B.  ACTH  Adrenocorticotropic hormone is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced by and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It is also used as a medication and diagnostic agent. ACTH is an important component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and is often produced in response to biological stress.So the correction option is 'pituitary'
 C.  Insulin  Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that helps the body store and use glucose. Insulin is responsible for delivering that glucose (sugar) from the bloodstream into muscle, fat, liver, and most other cells of the body use it for as a fuel. Improper secretion of insulin causes diabetes mellitus.So the correct option is 'diabetes mellitus'
D Adrenaline Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication. Epinephrine is normally produced by both the adrenal glands and certain neurons. Key actions of adrenaline include increasing the heart rate, increasing blood pressure, expanding the air passages of the lungs, enlarging the pupil in the eye (see photo), redistributing blood to the muscles and altering the body's metabolism, so as to maximise blood glucose levels.So, the correct answer is 'Adrenaline'
   
Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of the following statements regarding hormones is incorrect?

  1. Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals which acts as intercellular messengers

  2. Hormones are molecules of low molecular weight and are produced in traces

  3. Hormones provide energy and also effect growth and metabolic activities of target cell

  4. Many hormones are produced in inactive form
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Hormones do not provide energy or building materials but they effect growth, differentiation and metabolic activities of their target cell.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans
Proteins perform many physiological functions. For example, some proteins function as enzymes. One of the following represents an additional function that some proteins perform

  1. antibiotics

  2. pigment conferring colour to skin

  3. pigment making colours of flowers

  4. hormones
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Most of the body functions are regulated by hormones like growth, vegetative and sexual development, thermal regulation, cellular oxidation, metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc. Hormones are needed in very small quantity to carry out these functions. Some hormones are proteinaceous eg: insulin (regulates sugar metabolism), growth hormone of pituitary, parathyroid hormone parathormone (regulates calcium and phosphate transport).

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which of the following is not involved in calcium metabolism?

  1. Calmodulin

  2. Calcitonin

  3. Parathyroid hormone

  4. Atrial natriuretic factor
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

(A)Calmodulin is a multifunctional intermediate calcium binding messenger protein expressed in all eukaryotic cells. It is an intracellular target of the secondary messenger Ca2+, and the binding of Ca2+ is required for the activation of calmodulin. 

(B) Calcitonin is a hypocalcemic hormone. This is secreted by the C-cells in the thyroid gland. It acts on bone and the kidney to reduce the blood calcium level. It reduces the reabsorption of calcium from bones and inhibits reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules.
(C) The parathyroid gland secretes a peptide hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH). The secretion of PTH is regulated by the circulating levels of calcium ions. PTH increases the calcium levels in the blood. PTH also stimulates reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules and increase calcium absorption from the digested food.
(D) Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) is released when there is an increase in blood flow to the atria of the heart. ANF can cause vasodilation (dilation of blood vessels) and thereby decrease the blood pressure. ANF mechanism, therefore, acts as a check on the renin-angiotensin mechanism.
So the correct answer is the Atrial Natriuretic Factor. 

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Steroid hormones mediate their action by:

  1. activating adenylate cydase

  2. activating gene expression

  3. binding to the surface membrane of the cells

  4. inhibiting an enzyme
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Steroid hormones and thyroid hormones do not bind to the cell surface receptors. Being lipid soluble, these are able to enter the cells and their nuclei and influence the gene action. The hormone binds to the receptors forming a hormone-receptor complex. It binds to the transcription factors that in turn to DNA and a particular gene is activated. Their transcription leads to the synthesis of a specific protein to influence the metabolism of the recipient cell. Thus, the peptide hormones activate existing enzymes in the cell while steroid hormones bring about the synthesis of new enzymes.

So the correct answer is activating gene expression.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of these is a correct statement? 

  1. Neurons regulate endocrine activity but not vice versa.

  2. Endocrine glands regulate neural activity and nervous system regulates endocrine glands.

  3. Neither hormones control neural activity nor neurons control endocrine activity.

  4. Endocrine glands regulate neural activity but not vice versa.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Nervous system is a coordinated network of nerve cells and fibres by which nerve impulses are transmitted throughout the body.
  • Endocrine system consists of glands that produce hormones.
In our body, nervous system and endocrine system jointly integrate all the activities as nervous system directs endocrine system to secrete hormones that act on the target organs.
So, the correct answer is 'Endocrine glands regulate neural activity and nervous system regulates endocrine glands.'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Consider the following statements (a-d) and select the option which includes the correct ones only.
(a) The thyroid hormone plays an important role in the maintenance of the basal metabolic rate & erythropoiesis.
(b) Glucocorticoids inhibit inflammatory reactions by suppressing the immune system and promote erythropoiesis.
(c) Androgens promote development, maturation & function of the male sex organs as well as erythropoiesis.
(d) The gastrointestinal tract not only secretes gastric inhibitory peptide but also promotes the formation of RBCs.

  1. 4

  2. 3

  3. 2

  4. 1
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
In the given question, all the statements are correct as they all mention the correct function and effect of their respective hormones.
So, the correct answer is '4'.
Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms mechanism of hormone action coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Steroid hormones transmit their information by 

  1. Stimulating the receptors present on cellmembrane

  2. Entering into the cell and modifying cellular contents

  3. Entering into the cell and modifying nuclear organisation

  4. The help of an intracellular second messenger
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

There are specific receptors for the binding of hormones. Steroid hormones have nuclear receptors. These steroid hormones are composed of cholesterol a dare hydrophobic in nature. They enter the cells through cell membranes. They move towards the nucleus and bind to the respective receptor. They have the activity like repression, initiation or transcription of certain genes and products. 

So, the correct answer is option C. 

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination mechanism of hormone action coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Epinephrine and eicosanoids finds their receptors on

  1. Cell wall

  2. Plasma membrane

  3. Inner matrix

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  •  Eicosanoids are compounds that include prostaglandins, prostacyclins, leukotrienes, and thromboxanes.
  • Lipid insoluble hormones such as eicosanoids bind to receptors on the outer surface of the plasma membrane, via plasma membrane hormone receptors.
  • The amino acid-derived hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine bind to beta-adrenergic receptors on the plasma membrane of cells.
  • Hence the Epinephrine and eicosanoids find their receptors on the plasma membrane.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Plasma membrane'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination mechanism of hormone action coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Read the following carefully to give the correct answer 

  1. Protein hormone interact with the intra cellular receptor

  2. Iodothyronine hormone generate secondary messenger after interaction with receptor

  3. Hormone is a cell specific

  4. Somatostatin hormone secrete only by hypothalamus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Hormones are generally cell-specific because target cells possess specific receptors that bind only to particular hormones. Protein hormones interact with membrane-bound extracellular receptors, iodothyronines act via intracellular receptors, and somatostatin is secreted by tissues outside the hypothalamus as well.