Tag: control and coordination in living organisms
Questions Related to control and coordination in living organisms
The secretion of aldosterone by adrenal cortex is directly controlled by
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Plasma $K^{+}$ concentration
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Plasma Ca concentration
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Level of blood angiotensin
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Both A and C
Which gland does not originate from embryonic endoderm?
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Thymus
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Parathyroid
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Adrenal cortex
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Thyroid
The endoderm gives rise to the epithelium of the pharynx, including the eustachian tube, the tonsils, the thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, and thymus gland; the larynx, trachea, and lungs; the gastrointestinal tract (except mouth and anus), the urinary bladder, the vagina (in females) and the urethra. The adrenal glands develop from two separate embryological tissues; the neural crest ectoderm and the intermediate mesoderm.
Adrenal cortex also controls the carbohydrate metabolism through
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Adrenaline
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Noradrenaline
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Glucocorticoids
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Mineralocorticoids
The adrenal cortex is located on the outer layer of the adrenal gland and makes different hormones, that help control the heart, kidneys, GI tract, bones, genitalia and immune system.
Retention of sodium in body depends upon hormone from
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Adrenal cortex
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Adrenal medulla
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Parathyroid
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Thyroid
Aldosterone is a steroid hormone (mineralocorticoid) produced by the outer section (zona glomerulosa) of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland. Aldosterone promotes sodium ($Na^+$) and water retention and lowers plasma potassium ($K^+$) concentration.
Conn's disease is due to
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Hyposecretion of aldosterone
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Hypersecretion of aldosterone
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Hyposecretion of STH
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None of the above
Conn's syndrome is a condition associated with the development of high blood pressure and low potassium levels in the blood. In the majority of patients a small tumour is found in the adrenal cortex. Excess production of aldosterone by the tumour leads to the development of Conn's syndrome with high blood pressure and low potassium levels. In a small group of patients abnormal function of the adrenal cortex from a condition called as adrenal hyperplasia, may give rise to the Conn's syndrome.
A steroid hormone which regulates glucose metabolism is
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11-deoxycorticosterone
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Cortisone
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Cortisol
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Corticosterone
Cortisol or glucocorticoid hormone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. It is released in response to stress and a low level of blood glucose. Its functions are to increase blood sugar through gluconeogenesis and to aid the metabolism of fat, protein, and carbohydrate.
Reabsorption of Na$^+$ is controlled by which one of the following hormones ?
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Aldosterone
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Oestrogen
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Glucocorticoids
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Testosterone
Renal reabsorption of sodium ($Na^+$) uses Na-H antiport, sodium-glucose symport, sodium ion channels (minor). It is stimulated by angiotensin II and aldosterone, and inhibited by atrial natriuretic peptide.
Mammals born without a thymus gland fail to manufacture
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B - Lymphocytes
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T - Lymphocytes
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Plasma cells
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Basophils
Removal of the thymus gland in the adult has little effect, but when the thymus is removed in the newborn, T cells in the blood and lymphoid tissue are depleted and failure of the immune system causes a gradual, fatal wasting disease.
T-cells mature in the
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Peyer's patch
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Lymph node
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Thymus
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Bursa of fabricius
T cells or T lymphocytes are a type of lymphocyte, that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They are called as T-cells because they mature in the thymus gland.
Damage to thymus in a child may lead to
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Loss of cell mediated immunity
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A reduction in the haemoglobin content in blood
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A reduction in the amount of plasma proteins
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Loss of antibody mediated immunity
The thymus gland is an organ in the upper chest cavity, that processes lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, that fights infections in the body.