Tag: antibody production and vaccination

The polio vaccine was developed in 1955 by Dr. Jonas Salk and thus called the “Salk vaccine”. It is the inactivated or killed vaccine that was given by intramuscular injection but now it is given orally. The inactivated polio vaccine produces antibodies in the blood to all three types of poliovirus. In the event of infection, these antibodies prevent the spread of the virus to the central nervous system and protect against paralysis. 

• Smallpox vaccine, the first successful vaccine to be developed, was introduced by Edward Jenner in 1796. 
• He followed up his observation that milkmaids who had previously caught cowpox did not later catch smallpox by showing that inoculated cowpox protected against inoculated smallpox. 
• Hence, The first vaccine produced by Edward Jenner was for protection against Smallpox  
• So, the correct answer is 'Smallpox'.

Variolation was an early method of inoculation where material from a smallpox patient was introduced into a healthy person to induce immunity before the development of modern vaccines.

The polio vaccine was developed in 1955 by Dr. Jonas Salk and thus called the “Salk vaccine”. It is the inactivated or killed vaccine that was given by intramuscular injection but now it is given orally.

Variolation practices originated in the East (specifically China and India) long before they were introduced to the West.

• Rabies is a viral disease caused by the rabies virus that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals. Early symptoms can include fever and tingling at the site of exposure.
• Virtually all infections with rabies resulted in death until two French scientists, Louis Pasteur and Émile Roux, developed the first rabies vaccination in 1885.
• Hence vaccine against rabies was first developed by Pasteur.
• So, the correct answer is 'Pasteur'.

Explanation: Pulse Polio Immunization is a program initiated by the Government of India, where children between the ages of 0 to 5 years are administered oral polio vaccine twice a year to interrupt transmission of polio.

Hay fever or allergic rhinitis is the allergic response caused by the hypersensitivity of dust, mites, animal fur or hairs. It is characterized by the running nose, sneezing and watery, itchy eyes. Whereas enteric fever is caused by the bacteria, Skin cancer is caused by harmful radiation i.e., UV rays and Goiter is the metabolic disorder. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

A- Anaphylaxis is a rapid, severe and generalized allergic reaction which may lead to death. Prompt administration of epinephrine injection can be life-saving. Timely administration of epinephrine injection decreases hospitalizations and mortality.