Tag: bio-chemistry

Questions Related to bio-chemistry

Which one of the following is a non-pathogenic bacteria of human intestines?

bio-chemistry food through digestive tract absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

  1. Mycobacterium sp.

  2. Escherichia coli

  3. Entamoeba coli

  4. Balantidium coli

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

E.coli strains are normally present in the large intestines where they help in the production of Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12).

Movement of alimentary canal does not help in slipping down of food is

bio-chemistry food through digestive tract absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

  1. Peristalsis movement

  2. Pendular (segmentary) movement

  3. Both

  4. None

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Certain muscular contraction of alimentary canal such as segmentary/pendular are responsible for churning and mixing of the food thoroughly with digestive juices not for propel.

Which of the following organs absorbs food nutrients through villi?

bio-chemistry food through digestive tract absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

  1. Small intestine

  2. Oesophagus

  3. Rectum

  4. Stomach

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The absorption is done in the small intestine with the help of villi which helps increase the surface area of the intestine, so as to store more digested food.

So, the correct option is 'small intestine'.

Read the following statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1 : The human small intestine is the longest portion in the alimentary canal.
Statement 2 : Absorption of digested food requires a very large surface area. 

bio-chemistry food through digestive tract absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

  1. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.

  2. Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.

  3. Statement 1 is incorrect but Statement 2 is correct.

  4. Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The correct answer is (a).

We eat food, which is composed of all the nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals and water. After digestion, these are absorbed in the form of glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol etc. What mechanisms are involved in absorption of digested food and water?

bio-chemistry food through digestive tract absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

  1. Diffusion and osmosis respectively

  2. Osmosis and diffusion respectively

  3. Reverse osmosis and facilitated diffusion respectively

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Diffusion is a process in which the molecules intermingle due to their kinetic energy and movement of molecules is from higher concentration to lower concentration. Osmosis is a process in which the water molecules move from lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. Digested food can pass into the blood vessels in the wall of the small intestine through the process of diffusion and water present in the ingested food is absorbed by the process of osmosis. 

Part of alimentary canal meant for reabsorption of water from chyle is

bio-chemistry food through digestive tract absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

  1. Small intestine

  2. Colon

  3. Large intestine

  4. Rectum

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The small intestine is meant for the reabsorption of water. Major absorption of water takes place in the intestine and further in the large intestine.

So, the correct option is 'small intestine'.

A specialized structure in intestine that helps in absorption is

bio-chemistry food through digestive tract absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

  1. Alveoli

  2. Villi

  3. Bowman's capsule

  4. Salivary glands

  5. Pyloric sphincter

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  1. The innermost layer lining the lumen of the alimentary canal is the mucosa.
  2. This layer forms irregular folds (rugae) in the stomach and small finger-like foldings called villi in the small intestine.
  3. The cells lining the villi produce numerous microscopic projections called microvilli giving a brush border appearance found on the apical surface of some epithelial cells. 
  4. These modifications increase the surface area enormously and help in secretion and absorptionHence, the specialized structure in the intestine that helps in absorption is villi.
So, the correct answer is 'villi'.

Which of the following substance requires castle's intrinsic factor secreted by stomach for absorbtion in the small intestine?

bio-chemistry digestive system of human absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

  1. Aminoacids

  2. Water

  3. Vitamin $C$

  4. Vitamin $B _{12}$

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Intrinsic factors which are released by the stomach are used in the ileum of the small intestine for the absorption of vitamin $B _{12}$. These are majorly made up of glycoproteins.

So the correct option is 'Vitamin $B _{12}$'

Calcium absorption is always enhanced by the action of the following vitamin

bio-chemistry digestive system of human absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

  1. Vitamin A

  2. Vitamin B

  3. Vitamin D

  4. Vitamin K

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Vitamin D helps in the absorption of calcium ion from the walls of the duodenum to the bloodstream and also maintains its level in the body.

So the correct option is 'Vitamin D'.

Which of the following is true regarding the absorption mechanism of carbohydrates in the intestine?

bio-chemistry digestive system of human absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

  1. Glucose is absorbed passively

  2. Galactose is absorbed passively

  3. Fructose is transported actively

  4. Glucose and galactose are transported actively

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Glucose and galactose transport against the concentration and hence require energy and carrier which transport them from lumen of the intestine to cell and are co transported with sodium ion.

So the correct option is 'Glucose and galactose are transported actively'