Tag: industrialisation and industrial belts

• Handicrafts are nothing but the handmade artisanry. India is very famous for this art. Different types of handicrafts include Bamboo Handicrafts, Cane Handicrafts, Bell Metal Handicrafts, Bone and Horn Handicrafts, Brass Handicrafts, Clay Handicrafts or Pottery, Dhokra Handicrafts, Jute Handicrafts, Paper Handicrafts, Rock Handicrafts, Weaving or Embroidery Handicrafts, etc. 
  
• It contributes to a major foreign exchange.
  
• In 2014–15, Indian handicrafts exports stood at US$ 4.5 billion, approximately.
  
• Export Promotion Council for Handicrafts (EPCH) is the apex government body and operates under the administrative control of the Ministry of Textiles, Government of India.
  

Transport system is the means for the movement of goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations.
E.g. Road transport, Rail Transport.

Sindhri is an industrial township in Dhanbad in Jharkhand. Sindri is well known because of production of fertilizers.

Cotton textile and Petrochemical industry are the major beneficiaries of the Mumbai port.

Just like "Pittsburg", Jamshedpur is famous for producing steel in India. In 1907, Jamshedji Tata established the first steel plant of India which is known as TISCO at Jamshedpur(Jharkhand). It is the oldest and largest integrated iron and steel plant of India. It started producing pig iron in 1911 and steel in 1912.

Raw material and power: 

In determining the location of an industry, nearness to sources of raw material is of vital importance. Nearness to the sources of raw materials would reduce the cost of production of the industry.

Regular supply of power is a pre-requisite for the localization of industries. Coal, mineral oil and hydro-electricity are the three important conventional sources of power. Most of the industries tend to concentrate at the source of power.

Transport and man power: 

Transport facilities, generally, influence the location of industry. The transportation with its three modes, i.e., water, road, and rail collectively plays an important role. So the junction points of water-ways, roadways and railways become humming centres of industrial activity. Further, the modes and rates of transport and transport policy of Government considerably affect the location of industrial units.

Adequate supply of cheap and skilled labour is necessary for and industry. The attraction of an industry towards labour centers depends on the ratio of labour cost to the total cost of production which Weber calls ‘Labour cost of Index’.

Water, market and government policies: 

Water is another important require­ment for industries. Many industries are established near rivers, canals and lakes, because of this reason. Iron and steel industry, textile industries and chemical industries require large quantities of water, for their proper functioning.

The entire process of manufacturing is useless until the finished goods reach the market. Nearness to market is essential for quick disposal of manufactured goods. It helps in reducing the transport cost and enables the consumer to get things at cheaper rates.

Government activity in planning the future distribution of industries, for reducing regional disparities, elimination of pollution of air and water and for avoiding their heavy clustering in big cities, has become no less an important location factor.

Mumbai is leading the center of the cotton industry in India. Factors responsible for the growth of cotton textile industries in Mumbai are as follows:

1. Raw materials: The nearby lava region forming the hinterland of the Mumbai port produces raw cotton. Mumbai is the collecting center of raw cotton for export and mills use. 
2. Port Facilities: Mumbai port has excellent harbour facilities for importing long staple cotton and machinery to meet the requirements of the mill.
3. Humid Climate: Mumbai has humid climate essential for spinning and weaving.
4. Water: Abundant supplies of water is available for dyeing and bleaching.
5. Labour: There are supplies of skilled and skilled workers in large number.

Industrial units employ about One-fifth of India's 460 million workers today.