Tag: distribution and classification of industries in india

Cotton textile and Petrochemical industry are the major beneficiaries of the Mumbai port.

Just like "Pittsburg", Jamshedpur is famous for producing steel in India. In 1907, Jamshedji Tata established the first steel plant of India which is known as TISCO at Jamshedpur(Jharkhand). It is the oldest and largest integrated iron and steel plant of India. It started producing pig iron in 1911 and steel in 1912.

Raw material and power: 

In determining the location of an industry, nearness to sources of raw material is of vital importance. Nearness to the sources of raw materials would reduce the cost of production of the industry.

Regular supply of power is a pre-requisite for the localization of industries. Coal, mineral oil and hydro-electricity are the three important conventional sources of power. Most of the industries tend to concentrate at the source of power.

Transport and man power: 

Transport facilities, generally, influence the location of industry. The transportation with its three modes, i.e., water, road, and rail collectively plays an important role. So the junction points of water-ways, roadways and railways become humming centres of industrial activity. Further, the modes and rates of transport and transport policy of Government considerably affect the location of industrial units.

Adequate supply of cheap and skilled labour is necessary for and industry. The attraction of an industry towards labour centers depends on the ratio of labour cost to the total cost of production which Weber calls ‘Labour cost of Index’.

Water, market and government policies: 

Water is another important require­ment for industries. Many industries are established near rivers, canals and lakes, because of this reason. Iron and steel industry, textile industries and chemical industries require large quantities of water, for their proper functioning.

The entire process of manufacturing is useless until the finished goods reach the market. Nearness to market is essential for quick disposal of manufactured goods. It helps in reducing the transport cost and enables the consumer to get things at cheaper rates.

Government activity in planning the future distribution of industries, for reducing regional disparities, elimination of pollution of air and water and for avoiding their heavy clustering in big cities, has become no less an important location factor.

Mumbai is leading the center of the cotton industry in India. Factors responsible for the growth of cotton textile industries in Mumbai are as follows:

1. Raw materials: The nearby lava region forming the hinterland of the Mumbai port produces raw cotton. Mumbai is the collecting center of raw cotton for export and mills use. 
2. Port Facilities: Mumbai port has excellent harbour facilities for importing long staple cotton and machinery to meet the requirements of the mill.
3. Humid Climate: Mumbai has humid climate essential for spinning and weaving.
4. Water: Abundant supplies of water is available for dyeing and bleaching.
5. Labour: There are supplies of skilled and skilled workers in large number.

Industrial units employ about One-fifth of India's 460 million workers today.

One major reason why employee benefits have become such a significant part of the compensation structure is the evolution of the legal environment. Political, social, and economic pressures morphed into legal protection through the passage of many landmark laws that dictated the incidence and the terms and conditions of mandated benefits. Business, labor concerns, and technological innovations all added to the impetus to provide job security and protection.

Between 1900 and 1950, most of the major legally imposed workplace employee benefits were enacted. These major legislative efforts culminated into the Social Security Act of 1935. In the realm of wage and hour laws, both the Walsh-Healy Act of 1936 and the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 saw the light of day. By 1950, minimum wage laws had been put in place; further, unemployment and workers’ compensation laws were enacted in most state.

The organic chemical industries get their raw materials from byproducts of mineral oil which is processed and refined at oil refineries therefore these industries are located near oil refineries.

Though, India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world yet, we are not able to perform to our full potential largely.

Reasons for low productivity of iron and steel includes which of the following reasons: 

1. High costs and limited availability of coking coal 
2. Lower productivity of labor 
3. Irregular supply of energy 
4. Poor infrastructure.
   

Southern Petrochemical Industries Corporation Ltd, or SPIC, is an Indian company that makes petrochemicals. Its core competency is in fertiliser products. It has operations in power, oil and natural gas, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology applications in agriculture.