Tag: chemistry in daily life

Questions Related to chemistry in daily life

Which of the following statements is not correct about penicillin?

chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

  1. Penicillin G has a narrow spectrum.

  2. It is extracted from antibacterial fungus Penicillium.

  3. Ampicillin and amoxycillin are synthetic modifications of penicillins.

  4. It has bacteriostatic effect.

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • The real revolution in antibacterial therapy began with the discovery of Alexander Fleming in 1929, of the antibacterial properties of a Penicillium fungus. It is extracted from antibacterial fungus Penicillium.
  • Penicillin G has a narrow spectrum. Ampicillin and Amoxycillin are synthetic modifications of penicillins. These have broad spectrum. It is absolutely essential to test the patients for sensitivity (allergy) to penicillin before it is administered.
  • Antibiotics have either cidal (killing) effect or a static (inhibitory) effect on microbes. Penicillin has Bactericidal effect.

Which statement about aspirin is not true?

chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

  1. Aspirin belongs to narcotic analgesics.

  2. It is effective in relieving pain.

  3. It has antiblood clotting action.

  4. It is neurologically active drug.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Aspirin belong to the class of non-narcotic analgesics. Aspirin inhibits the synthesis of chemicals known as prostaglandins which stimulate inflammation in the tissue and cause pain. It is effective in relieving skeletal pain such as that due to arthritis. It has many other effects such as reducing fever (antipyretic) and preventing platelet coagulation. Because of its anti blood clotting action, aspirin finds use in prevention of heart attacks. Aspirin is a neurologically active drug.

Which of the following statements is not correct?

chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

  1. Some antiseptics can be added to soaps.

  2. Dilute solutions of some disinfectants can be used as antiseptic.

  3. Disinfectants are antimicrobial drugs.

  4. Antiseptic medicines can be ingested.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • Antiseptics are applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces. These are not ingested like antibiotics.
  • Bithionol (also called bithional) is added to soaps to impart antiseptic properties.
  • Disinfectants are antimicrobial drugs which are applied to inanimate objects such as floors, drainage system, instruments, etc.
  • Same substances can act as an antiseptic as well as a disinfectant by varying the concentration. For example, 0.2 per cent solution of phenol is an antiseptic while its one per cent solution is disinfectant.
  • Hence, option D is the wrong option.

    Which of the following is an example of a broad spectrum antibiotic?

    chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

    1. Penicillin G

    2. Chloramphenicol

    3. Streptomycin

    4. Ampicillin

    Show answer
    Correct Option: B,C,D
    Explanation:

    Since, Chloramphenicol functions by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, the drug chloramphenicol has a very broad spectrum of activity. It is active against gram-positive bacteria (including most strains of MRSA), gram-negative bacteria and anaerobes.

    Which of the following is an insecticide?

    chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

    1. Aspirin

    2. Lindane

    3. DDT

    4. Both B and C

    Show answer
    Correct Option: D
    Explanation:

    DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) is an organo chlorine insecticide, which is a colourless, crystalline solid, tasteless and almost odorless chemical compound. 

    Lindane is an organochlorine chemical variant of hexachlorocyclohexane, used as agricultural insecticide. 

    Among the following statements, which one is not correct?

    chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

    1. Aspirin is both an analgesic and an antipyretic.

    2. Ampicillin is a natural antibiotic.

    3. Sulphadiazine is a synthetic antibacterial.

    4. Some disinfectants can be used as antiseptics

      at low concentration.

    Show answer
    Correct Option: B
    Explanation:

    Ampicillin is a beta-lactum antibiotic that is part of the amino penicillin family and is roughly equivalent to its successor, amoxicillin in terms of spectrum and level of activity. It is not a natural antibiotic.

    The class of drugs used for the treatment of cut or wound is:

    chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

    1. tranquilizers

    2. antiseptics

    3. antihistamins

    4. antipyretic

    Show answer
    Correct Option: B
    Explanation:

    Antiseptics are applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces.

    Which of the following are synthetic antimicrobial chemicals, consumed by humans?

    chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

    1. Insulin

    2. Sulphadiazine

    3. Hydrochloric acid

    4. Penicillin

    Show answer
    Correct Option: B,D
    Explanation:

    Sulphadiazine and penicillin are the synthetic antimicrobial chemicals consumed by humans. Insulin and hydrochloric acid are produced by the body.

    It is found in such as which cause cholera and typhoid ?

    chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

    1. Nutrients

    2. Bacteria

    3. Inorganic impurities

    4. Other microbes

    Show answer
    Correct Option: B
    Explanation:

    Cholera is caused by vibriocholerae bacteria and typhoid is caused by salmonella typhi bacteria.

    So, diseases like cholera and typhoid is caused by bacteria.

    Which of the following is used as antiseptic?

    chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

    1. Tincture of iodine

    2. Equanil

    3. Heroin

    4. Histamine

    Show answer
    Correct Option: A
    Explanation:

    Antiseptics are antimicrobials applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces.
    Tincture of iodine is used as antiseptic on wounds.
    Equanil is a tranquilizer.
    Histamine is a antacid.
    Heroin is a analgesic.