Tag: breathing for energy

During the process of glycolysis, ATP is utilized and produced but the carbon dioxide and water are not the end products.

NADH is essentially produced only during the cellular respiration and it gets oxidised to release energy in the form of ATP. Glycolysis is a part of cellular respiration and leads to production of NADH. However, photosystem I and II produce NADPH rather than NADH as energy carriers. So the answer is 'Glycolysis'.

Glycolysis takes place in the liquid part of the cytoplasm i.e. cytosol. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. 

So the correct option is 'Embden, Meyerhof and Parnas.'

Glycolysis takes place in the cytosol of cytoplasm without the involvement of oxygen. The by-product of glycolysis is pyruvate which entered into mitochondria and oxidized oxygen to carbon dioxide.

In glycolysis, the respiratory substrate glucose is oxidised to pyruvic acid to release energy. The enzyme enolase converts phosphoglycerate to phosphoenol pyruvate with the release of H$ _2$O. So, the correct answer is 'Phosphoenol pyruvate'.

There is no utilization oxygen is seen in the process of glycolysis which takes place in the cytoplasm and it is an anaerobic process. After finishing the glycolysis the cell needs to respirate through aerobic respiration in the presence of oxygen. Aerobic reactions occur in the mitochondria which require oxygen.