Tag: geography

Underwater earthquakes push water upward to create the initial movement, then gravity pulls the water downward, creating the horizontal force that forms the tsunami. The waves travel through the ocean in a similar fashion to ripples created by throwing a stone into a body of water.

Earthquakes occur often on the earth's crust that forms the sea floor; however, not all result in a tsunami. For a tsunami to form, the magnitude of the earthquake must measure a minimum of 7.0 on the Richter scale. Below this magnitude, the earthquake does not displace enough water to create the big wave. The movement must also lift or lower the sea bed. Sideways movement does not create the initial wave to start the process. The epicenter of the earthquake must be near the surface of the sea floor to cause the correct movement.

Rainfall over an extended period and an extended area can cause major rivers to overflow their banks. The water can cover enormous areas. Downstream areas may be affected, even when they didn’t receive much rain themselves. High amounts of water flowing in streams often leads to flooding, and flooding is one of the more common types of natural disasters. A flood results when a stream runs out of its confines and submerges surrounding areas.

• An Earthquake at the bottom of ocean can cause large scale displacement of water leading into very high harbour waves called Tsunami. Tsunamis can in turn cause large scale flooding of the coastal areas. 
• Also Earthquakes the shaking of the mountaneous regions caused by earthquakes can cause landslides. Hence earthquakes can cause tsunami,flooding and landslides. 
• Lightening is an atmospheric phenomenon, hence is unrelated to earthquake.

The economic strength of a country lies in the development of manufacturing industries because : (i) Manufacturing industries help in modernizing agriculture. (ii) This sector transforms raw materials into finished products creating more choices for the consumers and making it more prosperous.

Development is a sustained effort. Economic development of any nation can be characterized by the following:

• Underdeveloped countries face the problem of deprivation of large section of the population, low per capita real income etc.
  
• Underdevelopment is low level of development characterized by low real per capita income, widespread poverty, lower level of literacy, low life expectancy and underutilisation of resources etc. 
  
• The state in underdeveloped economy fails to provide acceptable levels of living to a large fraction of its population, thus resulting into misery and material deprivations.