Tag: sociology

The United States battled North Vietnam and its adherents in the longest conflict in American history, known as the Vietnam War. The war ended with the withdrawal of U.S. forces in 1973 and the unification of Vietnam under Communist control two years later in 1975. More than 3 million people, including 58,000 Americans, were killed in the conflict.

After the failure of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), a treaty was signed in 1991 which was called the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START). START negotiated the largest and most complex arms control treaty in history, and its final implementation in late 2001resulted in the removal of about 80 percent of all strategic nuclear weapons then in existence.

The U.S.-Soviet Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, known as START, was signed on July 31, 1991 by U.S. President George H.W. Bush and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev. START negotiated the largest and most complex arms control treaty in history, and its final implementation in late 2001 resulted in the removal of about 80 percent of all strategic nuclear weapons then in existence.

In Jaipur session of 1948, congress appointed three member committee namely Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallahbhai Patel and Pattabhi Sitaramayya (JVP) which rejected the linguistic factor for reorganization of states. Potti Sriramula undertook hunger strike in support of formation of separate Telgu speaking state from Madras state and lost his life. His death sparked public unrest and PM Jawaharlal Nehru declared to form Andhra state on linguistic basis. Hence, option C is correct answer. 

As per the constitution of India, there is as such no national language. For the official purposes of the union government, parliament, Hindi and English languages are used. There are 22 official languages in India. States of India are free to adopt local languages for official purposes of the state.   

Official languages of India are listed in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India. As per Article 344(1) and 351 of the Indian Constitution, Eighth Schedule recognizes 22 languages. States and Union Territory can adopt an official language which is used locally for carrying out administrative duties. Option B - 22 is the correct count of official languages.     

The Sinhala Only Bill, formally known as The Official Language Act 1956 passed by the government of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) made Sinhalese the official language of the country. Sirimavo Bandaranaike then PM of Sri Lanka realized her campaign promise by passing the Bill, an agenda which won her 1956 general elections. This decision was violently opposed by Tamil speaking minority and the passage of bill followed rioting.   

People of Meghalaya, which is one of the north-eastern states of India, do not speak Hindi widely. The languages like Garo, Pnar, Khasi, and English are spoken widely in this state. English is the official language of Meghalaya.