World Geography and Politics

Qatar and Bahrain have very similar national flags - both feature a white and maroon/red vertical bicolour. The primary difference is the shade of red (maroon for Qatar, red for Bahrain) and the proportion of white to red. Qatar's flag has more white area. This similarity occasionally causes confusion at international events.

The Malabar naval exercise is a multilateral naval exercise involving India, the United States, Japan, and Australia. Russia has not been part of this exercise, which is seen as part of the Quad security dialogue between these four democracies.

The 2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Bali, Indonesia. This conference is famous for producing the Bali Roadmap, which laid out a two-year process to finalize a post-2012 climate agreement.

India signed the Abuja Declaration in 2009 with Nigeria for a massive oil infrastructure deal involving ONGC-Mittal Energy Ltd. Nigeria is one of India's largest crude oil suppliers. Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, and Libya are also oil exporters but the Abuja Declaration specifically refers to Nigeria.

The 123 Agreement is the bilateral civil nuclear agreement between India and the United States, signed in 2008. It ended India's nuclear isolation and allowed nuclear trade.

Correct answer is (3). 

Correct answer is (2). 

Correct answer is (1). 

Maria Estela Martinez de Peron, also known as Isabel Peron, was President of Argentina from 1974 to 1976. She was the first female head of state in the Western Hemisphere and took office after the death of her husband Juan Peron.

Babu Chiri Sherpa (1961-2001) was a Nepali mountaineer who set multiple Everest records, including spending 21 hours on the summit without supplemental oxygen in 1999. He was from Nepal, as Sherpas are an ethnic group primarily from the Himalayan regions of Nepal.

The Maitreyi Express is a train service that runs between India and Bangladesh, connecting Dhaka and Kolkata. It was named after Maitreyi, an ancient Indian philosopher, and was inaugurated in 2008.

Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck was the King of Bhutan in 2011 (he became king in 2006 and was coronated in 2008). Bhutan is a Himalayan kingdom between India and China. Nepal had a different ruler in 2011 (the monarchy was abolished in 2008). Mongolia and Turkey are republics, not monarchies.

Jayant Prasad, a 1979-batch IFS officer, served as India's Ambassador to Nepal from 2011 to 2013. He was previously Joint Secretary in the Ministry of External Affairs and later served as India's Permanent Representative to the UN Conference on Disarmament in Geneva.