World Geography and Politics

Maria Estela Martinez de Peron, also known as Isabel Peron, was President of Argentina from 1974 to 1976. She was the first female head of state in the Western Hemisphere and took office after the death of her husband Juan Peron.

Babu Chiri Sherpa (1961-2001) was a Nepali mountaineer who set multiple Everest records, including spending 21 hours on the summit without supplemental oxygen in 1999. He was from Nepal, as Sherpas are an ethnic group primarily from the Himalayan regions of Nepal.

The Maitreyi Express is a train service that runs between India and Bangladesh, connecting Dhaka and Kolkata. It was named after Maitreyi, an ancient Indian philosopher, and was inaugurated in 2008.

Nepal became a republic in 2008, which was the newest at the time this question was likely written. Kosovo declared independence in 2008 as well, but Nepal's transition to a republic is a distinct historical event.

Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck was the King of Bhutan in 2011 (he became king in 2006 and was coronated in 2008). Bhutan is a Himalayan kingdom between India and China. Nepal had a different ruler in 2011 (the monarchy was abolished in 2008). Mongolia and Turkey are republics, not monarchies.

Jayant Prasad, a 1979-batch IFS officer, served as India's Ambassador to Nepal from 2011 to 2013. He was previously Joint Secretary in the Ministry of External Affairs and later served as India's Permanent Representative to the UN Conference on Disarmament in Geneva.

In 2010, France faced widespread strikes by transport, electricity, and gas workers when President Sarkozy's government announced pension reforms raising the retirement age from 60 to 62. This led to massive protests across French cities.

Bangladesh was known as East Pakistan from 1947 until 1971, when it gained independence after the Bangladesh Liberation War. West Pakistan is now Pakistan, and the terms East/West India are historically incorrect.

The official constitutional name of India is 'Republic of India,' reflecting its democratic and federal structure as a sovereign republic. 'Bharat' and 'Hindustan' are traditional names used in different contexts.

 Correct answer is (3).

Myanmar, formerly known as Burma, gained independence from Britain in 1948. The military government officially changed the country's name to Myanmar in 1989, though many governments and organizations continue to use both names.

The Palk Strait is a narrow stretch of water between the Tamil Nadu coast of India and the northwest coast of Sri Lanka. It connects the Bay of Bengal to the northeast with the Palk Bay to the south. The strait is named after Robert Palk, a governor of Madras Presidency.

 A World Hindi Secretariat has been set up in Mauritius with effect from 11th February 2008. The Secretariat has a Governing Council, and an Executive Board and is headed by a Secretary General.