World Facts and Geography

Lesotho is a country in southern Africa that is completely surrounded by South Africa on all sides, making it an enclaved country. It is one of only three enclave countries in the world (along with Vatican City and San Marino, though those are by Italy). Albania, Azerbaijan, and Kazakhstan are all landlocked but not completely surrounded by a single country.

Finland is known as the 'Land of a Thousand Lakes' and actually has over 187,000 lakes, far more than 55,000. This geographical feature defines much of Finland's landscape and culture. While Norway also has many lakes, Finland is the country most famous for its lake density.

Sweden consistently ranks among countries with the highest newspaper readership rates, with over 80% of the adult population reading newspapers regularly. Nordic countries generally lead in newspaper consumption per capita due to high literacy rates and strong media traditions. While Japan and India have the highest absolute circulation numbers, as a percentage of population, Scandinavian countries like Sweden typically lead.

Yomiuri Shimbun, based in Japan, has the highest circulation of any newspaper in the world, with over 10 million copies daily (morning plus evening editions combined). It has held this position for decades and is considered one of the most influential newspapers in Japan. While Bild (Germany), Reference News (China), and Times of India all have high circulations in their regions, none match Yomiuri Shimbun's global leadership position.

Brazil is the world's largest coffee producer, supplying approximately one-third of global coffee production. The country's climate and geography provide ideal conditions for coffee plantations, particularly in the Minas Gerais region. Greenland, Scotland, and China are not major coffee-producing nations.

Chandler Bing famously flies to Yemen in Season 5 to get away from Janice, who keeps reappearing in his life. He creates an elaborate ruse about going to Yemen for work, though Janice ends up following him there. London (D) is incorrect - Chandler went to London for Ross's wedding but not to avoid Janice. Greece and Russia are incorrect distractors.

Malaysia was indeed known as Malaya before it gained independence and became Malaysia in 1963. The Federation of Malaya was established in 1948 and gained independence from British rule in 1957. In 1963, Malaya united with Singapore, Sabah, and Sarawak to form Malaysia. Singapore later left in 1965.

Iran was indeed known as Persia internationally until 1935, when Reza Shah requested that foreign governments use the name 'Iran', the country's name in Persian. 'Persia' comes from 'Pars', the southwestern province where the Achaemenid dynasty originated. The change was part of a broader modernization and nationalism movement. Both names refer to the same country.

Zimbabwe was previously known as Rhodesia, named after Cecil Rhodes during British colonial rule. The country gained independence and changed its name to Zimbabwe in 1980. The other options are misspellings of Rhodesia.

The Republic of Congo was known as Zaire from 1971-1997 under Mobutu's regime. Despite the name 'Zaire' now referring to the Democratic Republic of Congo, historically it was this country's official name. The other options are fictional.

Taiwan was known as Formosa, derived from the Portuguese 'Ilha Formosa' meaning 'beautiful island'. Portuguese sailors named it in the 16th century when they sighted the island. The name was commonly used in Western maps and literature until the mid-20th century.

Holland is commonly used as a synonym for the Netherlands, though technically it refers only to two provinces (North and South Holland). These were the most prosperous and internationally prominent provinces during the Dutch Golden Age, leading foreigners to use 'Holland' for the entire country. The Dutch government sometimes uses 'Netherlands' officially but accepts 'Holland' informally.

Malagasy is the Austronesian language and ethnic identity of Madagascar. The question appears to ask about historical naming, though the framing is unclear - Malagasy has long been the name of Madagascar's people and their language, not a former name for the country itself. Option C (Madagascar) is marked correct but this conflates the language/people with the place.

The Hawaiian Islands were historically called the Sandwich Islands, named by Captain James Cook in 1778 after the Earl of Sandwich. This name was used throughout the 19th century before eventually being replaced by the indigenous name Hawaii. The other options are fictional or incorrect variants.