Water Conservation and Management

Wells and tube wells constitute the most significant source of irrigation in Karnataka, covering a large portion of the state's irrigated area.

Water, like many substances, contains two kinds of energy. The first kind of energy is called kinetic energy. This is energy that is used during the execution of processes, such as movement. Because of kinetic energy water can flow and waves can exist.
But water can also contain potential energy. This is energy that is stored in the water. Stored, but not used. This energy can become useful when water starts to flow. It will be transferred to kinetic energy and this will cause movement.
so it is clear that flowing water have kinetic energy .

Human activities like deforestation, pollution, global warming etc is  a major threat to the natural resources.The scarcity of water is  a common problem nowadays which needs serious attempts.Rainwater harvesting is the method of conservation of rainwater by reusing the stored water for several domestic purposes. The rainwater is collected from various hard surfaces such as rooftops and or other man-made above ground hard surfaces.

In soil rich in moisture content water floods a plant root system. Leaves can retain only a finite amount of water. Excess water i.e xylem sap from the roots is given out through pores or edge of leaves in the form of droplets. This process is called guttation. As this water contains different organic and inorganic substances from the plant it is considered impure. Also, guttation is of universal occurrence. Thus the correct answer is option C.

Guttation is the loss of water in solution form through hydathodes. It occurs under the influence of root pressure. When transpiration is low and plant absorbs water from well-watered soil under the influence of root pressure. The excess water oozes out as a dilute solution of minerals and other solutes from dead endings of veins. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Water lost through guttation is in the form of water droplets which also take minerals along with them. Since it is in liquid form, it can dissolve minerals in too.

Numerical corporation, Municipalties, lower area committies etc are local bodies. They look after problems of forms, cities or large villages.

Water is a fundamental element provided by nature and is essential for life, making it a natural resource.

Based on the availability of surface (river) and groundwater, relief, soils, and climatic conditions, different means of irrigation are utilised in India. The conventional means of irrigation include wells, tanks and inundation canals. 

It is the most advanced and efficient method of irrigation. It is usually used to irrigate fruits and vegetables. It helps in water conservation.

Irrigation is the method by which water is collected, stored and supplied controllably when required by artificial means.

Dams are one of the sources of irrigation. This is achieved by construction of reservoirs where water is stored and utilised when required in the absence of rain.

B.  Reduction of Water table

One of the main threats to tubewell irrigation is that of over-abstraction leading to a lowering of the water table. If the rate of withdrawal is greater than the rate at which an aquifer is re-charged from surface water intrusion, there is a risk of eventual exhaustion.

Groundwater use and over use can raise important equity issues, particularly in rural areas when, following increased consumption, the level of water tables has been lowered. Only the richer farmers or land owners can afford to sink deep wells and boreholes and to purchase the more powerful pumps necessary to abstract groundwater.

Based on the availability, resources are classified as renewable and non-renewable.

• Renewable resources: These are the sources which can be replenished over a period of time. An example is forest wood because wood can be grown by reforestation.
  
• Non-renewable: These are the sources that cannot be renewed and available in limited quantities. Examples include coal, nuclear, oil, and natural gas.
  

As ground water can continuously supply water resources it falls under the category of renewable resource. 

Freshwater sources include:

• Groundwater - Water found in shallow aquifers beneath the earth's surface. This water is generally found at depths up to 2,000 feet deep.
  
• Precipitation: It is nothing but the rain water which is an important source of fresh water. In fact it is the purest natural source of freshwater.
  
• Surface water - Water found in streams, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs.