Biology ยท General Awareness

Viral Diseases and Immunity

807 Questions

Viral diseases and immunity cover the structure, transmission, and diagnosis of viruses like HIV. Questions focus on disease pathways, immune responses, and prevention. Strong knowledge here provides an edge in biology scoring.

HIV and AIDS structureVirus transmission methodsImmune system deficiencyPathogen risk groupsMedical diagnosis methods

Viral Diseases and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following is an example of a virus that uses viral shedding to evade the immune system?

  1. Influenza virus

  2. Measles virus

  3. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Influenza virus, measles virus, and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are all examples of viruses that use viral shedding to evade the immune system. Influenza virus is shed in respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Measles virus is shed in respiratory droplets and urine. VZV is shed in skin lesions and respiratory droplets. Viral shedding by these viruses facilitates their transmission to new hosts and contributes to their ability to evade immune responses.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is an example of a virus that uses immune suppression to evade the immune system?

  1. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

  2. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

  3. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are all examples of viruses that use immune suppression to evade the immune system. HIV infects and destroys CD4+ T cells, leading to severe immune suppression. CMV and EBV can also suppress the immune system by expressing viral proteins that interfere with immune cell function or signaling pathways.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a serious side effect of antiviral therapy?

  1. Hepatotoxicity

  2. Nephrotoxicity

  3. Cardiotoxicity

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity are all serious side effects of antiviral therapy. These side effects are rare, but they can be fatal.

Multiple choice

What is the term used to describe the belief that cancer is caused by a virus or infectious agent?

  1. Viral Theory

  2. Genetic Predisposition

  3. Biomedical Model

  4. Environmental Theory
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Viral Theory suggests that certain viruses, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV), can cause cancer.

Multiple choice

Which of the following viruses is commonly associated with myocarditis?

  1. Influenza virus

  2. Hepatitis B virus

  3. HIV

  4. Epstein-Barr virus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
Correct answer
Explanation

Coxsackievirus B, a type of enterovirus, is frequently linked to myocarditis.

Multiple choice

What is the primary mode of transmission for HIV/AIDS?

  1. Sexual contact

  2. Blood transfusions

  3. Sharing needles

  4. Mother-to-child transmission
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

HIV/AIDS is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. It can also be transmitted through blood transfusions, sharing needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

Multiple choice

Which type of childhood cancer is often associated with Epstein-Barr virus?

  1. Burkitt lymphoma

  2. Hodgkin lymphoma

  3. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

  4. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Burkitt lymphoma is often associated with Epstein-Barr virus.

Multiple choice

What is the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM)?

  1. A global partnership that provides financial support to countries to fight AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria.

  2. A United Nations agency that coordinates global efforts to fight AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria.

  3. A non-governmental organization that advocates for increased funding for the fight against AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria.

  4. A research organization that develops new drugs and vaccines for AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The GFATM is a global partnership that provides financial support to countries to fight AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria.

Multiple choice

What is the most common cause of death from HIV/AIDS?

  1. Pneumonia

  2. Tuberculosis

  3. Malaria

  4. Hepatitis B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Pneumonia is the most common cause of death from HIV/AIDS.

Multiple choice

What is the most effective way to prevent HIV/AIDS?

  1. Using condoms

  2. Getting tested for HIV

  3. Taking antiretroviral drugs

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All of the above are effective ways to prevent HIV/AIDS.

Multiple choice

What is the primary cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

  1. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

  2. Bacteria

  3. Fungi

  4. Parasites
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which attacks and destroys immune cells, leading to a weakened immune system.

Multiple choice

What is the most common type of secondary immunodeficiency disorder?

  1. HIV infection

  2. Diabetes

  3. Cancer

  4. Malnutrition
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

HIV infection is the most common cause of secondary immunodeficiency disorders, as the virus directly targets and destroys immune cells, leading to a weakened immune system.

Multiple choice

What is the most common cause of tooth sensitivity in people with HIV/AIDS?

  1. Oral thrush

  2. Kaposi's sarcoma

  3. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The most common cause of tooth sensitivity in people with HIV/AIDS is oral thrush. Oral thrush is a fungal infection that can cause white patches on the tongue and other parts of the mouth. This can lead to tooth sensitivity and other problems.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is an antiviral drug that is used to treat HIV/AIDS?

  1. Zidovudine

  2. Lamivudine

  3. Efavirenz

  4. Nevirapine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Zidovudine is an antiviral drug that is used to treat HIV/AIDS.

Multiple choice

Which infectious disease is the leading cause of death worldwide?

  1. HIV/AIDS

  2. Tuberculosis

  3. Malaria

  4. Hepatitis B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, responsible for an estimated 1.5 million deaths in 2020.