Viral Diseases and Immunity

AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, caused by HIV virus that destroys CD4+ T cells, weakening the immune system. It is transmitted through specific bodily fluids. Option B (artificial insemination) is a fertility procedure abbreviation. Option C incorrectly uses Sickness instead of Syndrome. Option D has an incorrect first word.

A1C (glycated hemoglobin) measures average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months by detecting glucose attached to hemoglobin. Unlike a finger-prick test which shows current sugar, A1C reflects longer-term glucose control. The other options are unrelated - sperm count is tested through semen analysis, blood group through antigen typing, and HIV through specific viral antibody/antigen tests.

Hansen's disease is the historical name for leprosy, named after Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen who discovered the bacterium causing the disease in 1873. It's a chronic infectious disease affecting the skin and nerves.

Hematological malignancies are cancers of the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes, including leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. 'Blood Cancer' is the correct term. It is not an STD, liver dysfunction, or vascular blockage.

HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, the virus that attacks the body's immune system. The other options are made-up expansions. The virus specifically targets and weakens the immune system, leading to AIDS if untreated.

AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, the late stage of HIV infection where the immune system is severely damaged. Option B contains a typo (Sachet instead of Syndrome). The syndrome is acquired, not inherited, and involves immune deficiency.

Hansen's disease is the medical name for leprosy, a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It's named after Norwegian physician Gerhard Armauer Hansen who discovered the bacteria in 1873. Leukemia, cancer, and AIDS are completely different diseases with distinct causes and treatments.

Ebola virus is one of the most well-known viruses causing hemorrhagic fever, with mortality rates up to 90%. The other options are incorrect: Reovirus affects respiratory and enteric systems, Arboviruses are transmitted by arthropods and cause various diseases, and HIV causes AIDS not hemorrhagic fever.

HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, a virus that attacks the body's immune system and can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). The name correctly describes it as a virus that causes immunodeficiency in humans.

AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, the late stage of HIV infection. The term describes it as an acquired (not inherited) condition that causes deficiency in the immune system, leading to a syndrome of opportunistic infections.

Adolescents and young adults (ages 15-24) are statistically the most susceptible to HIV infection due to factors including risky sexual behavior, lack of awareness, and biological vulnerability in this developmental stage.

HIV symptoms can vary widely. Some people experience acute retroviral syndrome within 2-4 weeks (acute HIV infection). Others may remain asymptomatic for years. The progression to AIDS typically occurs within 10 years without treatment. Therefore, all timeframes mentioned are possible.

HIV primarily infects CD4+ T cells (helper T cells), which are crucial for immune function. However, the virus can also infect macrophages and dendritic cells, which act as reservoirs and help transport the virus. Therefore, all three cell types are correct.