Viral Diseases and Immunity

AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, caused by HIV virus that destroys CD4+ T cells, weakening the immune system. It is transmitted through specific bodily fluids. Option B (artificial insemination) is a fertility procedure abbreviation. Option C incorrectly uses Sickness instead of Syndrome. Option D has an incorrect first word.

Small pox is caused by the Variola virus, making it the only viral disease in this list. Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), malaria by a protozoan parasite (Plasmodium), and cholera by bacteria (Vibrio cholerae).

A1C (glycated hemoglobin) measures average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months by detecting glucose attached to hemoglobin. Unlike a finger-prick test which shows current sugar, A1C reflects longer-term glucose control. The other options are unrelated - sperm count is tested through semen analysis, blood group through antigen typing, and HIV through specific viral antibody/antigen tests.

Hansen's disease is the historical name for leprosy, named after Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen who discovered the bacterium causing the disease in 1873. It's a chronic infectious disease affecting the skin and nerves.

Hematological malignancies are cancers of the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes, including leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. 'Blood Cancer' is the correct term. It is not an STD, liver dysfunction, or vascular blockage.

HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, the virus that attacks the body's immune system. The other options are made-up expansions. The virus specifically targets and weakens the immune system, leading to AIDS if untreated.

AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, the late stage of HIV infection where the immune system is severely damaged. Option B contains a typo (Sachet instead of Syndrome). The syndrome is acquired, not inherited, and involves immune deficiency.

Hansen's disease is the medical name for leprosy, a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It's named after Norwegian physician Gerhard Armauer Hansen who discovered the bacteria in 1873. Leukemia, cancer, and AIDS are completely different diseases with distinct causes and treatments.

There are not 200+ types of influenza viruses - influenza viruses are categorized into types A, B, C, and D, with various subtypes and strains, but not 200 distinct types. The claim is false.

The term 'stomach flu' is a misnomer - it actually refers to viral gastroenteritis, not influenza. Influenza B is a respiratory virus, not a gastrointestinal one.

Cold sores (fever blisters) are caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), not by the viruses that cause the common cold (such as rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, etc.). These are completely different viral families.

Rhinoviruses are the most common cause of the common cold, responsible for approximately 30-50% of all cold cases. The name comes from 'rhino' meaning nose, where these viruses primarily replicate.

Ebola virus is one of the most well-known viruses causing hemorrhagic fever, with mortality rates up to 90%. The other options are incorrect: Reovirus affects respiratory and enteric systems, Arboviruses are transmitted by arthropods and cause various diseases, and HIV causes AIDS not hemorrhagic fever.

HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, a virus that attacks the body's immune system and can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). The name correctly describes it as a virus that causes immunodeficiency in humans.