States of Matter

For a given pressure, there is a temperature above which liquid cannot exist in liquid form. This temperature is called boiling point. At this pressure and at this temperature, if liquid is heated up, the temperature will not rise and heat is used only to convert the liquid into its vapour. The process of conversion of liquid into its vapour at this temperature is called boiling. Depending upon the pressure, there are many boiling temperature for a liquid. If the pressure is lowered the boiling temperature is lowered. For a given pressure, if the temperature of the liquid is below its boiling point, still the liquid is converted into vapour by the surface of the liquid. This process is called evaporation. Evaporation can take place at any temperature below the boiling temperature where as boiling can take place only at boiling temperature.

At a given temperature, a solution can only hold a certain amount of solute. A saturated solution is the one that contains the maximum amount of solute at a given temperature.

This is a wrong option. Blood is a colloidal solution. This is the correct option. Milk of Magnesia is not a colloidal solution. It is a suspension.

When pressure is reduced, liquid changes to gaseous state. The water in the saturated solution becomes vapour, leaving solid salt behind. This is called vacuum drying.

Solutions generally have only two components, i.e. solute and solvent. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid in water, i.e. in this, both solute (acetic acid) and solvent (water) are liquids and thus, it is a liquid in liquid solution. 

Tincture of iodine is obtained by dissolving iodine in alcohol. Thus, in tincture, iodine is the solute and alcohol is the solvent. Water is present as solvent in salt solution and acid is the solvent if the solution is made by dissolving some solute in acid. 

This is the correct option. Sol is a colloid in which tiny solid particles are dispersed in a liquid medium. Solid sol is a colloid in which solid particles are dispersed in a solid medium. Aerosol is a colloid in which a solid or a liquid is dispersed in a gas.

A true solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more chemically non–reacting substances whose composition can be varied with certain limits. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid in water, i.e. in this, both solute (acetic acid) and solvent (water) are liquids. Thus, it is liquid in liquid solution. Salt solution is an example of solid in liquid solution as in it, salt (solid) is dissolved in water (liquid). Soft drink (i.e. CO₂ dissolved in water) is gas in liquid solution as in this, gaseous solute (CO₂) is dissolved in liquid solvent (water). Air is an example of gas in gas solution. 

For a given pressure, there is a temperature above which liquid cannot exist in liquid form. This temperature is called boiling point. At this pressure and at this temperature, if liquid is heated up, the temperature will not rise and heat is used only to convert the liquid into its vapour. The process of conversion of liquid into its vapour at this temperature is called boiling. Depending upon the pressure, there are many boiling temperatures for a liquid. If the pressure is lowered the boiling temperature is lowered. For a given pressure, if the temperature of the liquid is below its boiling point, the liquid is converted into vapour by the surface of the liquid. This process is called evaporation. Evaporation can take place at any temperature below the boiling temperature whereas boiling can take place only at boiling temperature.

The entire system can be imagined as the ice floating in water without the stone and the stone in a massless invisible boat floating on the water. (I) When the ice is floating on water, it displaces a volume of water the mass of which is equal to its own mass. When the ice melts, it becomes liquid water. Upon melting, mass does not change. Hence, volume of this water must be equal to the volume, which was being displaced when it was in form of ice. (II) As soon as the ice melts, the masless boat vanishes. When the stone was floating in this boat, a volume of water was being displaced the mass of which was equal to that of the stone (as the boat was massless). As the boat vanishes, the stone sinks. When the stone sinks in water, it is displacing a volume of  water, which is equal to its own volume. But because of the fact that it sinks, the mass of this volume of water has to be lesser than that of the stone. This implies that the volume of this water displaced by the stone is less than the volume of water displaced when it was floating. So, the water level comes down. By combining the results of both the cases, the water level will decrease. 

Aquatic animals are those who remain under the surface of water and respire there only. All animals take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide gas during respiration. These two gases are exchanged between water and animals because of their solubility in water. 

Water-insoluble substances do not get dissolved in water, e.g. chalk powder, wood particles, stone, etc. 

Vinegar, lemon juice, dettol, acids, alcohol, etc. are all water-soluble and do not form a layer when dissolved in water. On the other hand, kerosene oil and mustard oil are not soluble in water and form a separate layer. Oil generally being lighter, forms the upper layer. 

At temperatures as low as 0.01⁰C and very low pressure 611.3 Pa, i.e. 1/600 of sea level pressure, water exists in all its three forms in equilibrium. This is known as the triple point of water.

Octane being a saturated hydrocarbon, will be the least soluble, with cholesterol being slightly soluble owing to its unsaturation and partial charges. NaCl, the common salt, will be highly soluble as it readily electrolyses in water. Amongst AgCl and glucose, AgCl will be better dissolved in water owing to its polar nature and the non-polar nature of glucose.