States of Matter

Quinoline is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. It is a colourless hygroscopic liquid with a strong odour. Quinoline is slightly soluble in cold water but dissolves readily in hot water and most organic solvents.

This is the correct answer. 

The Mpemba effect is the observation that warmer water sometimes freezes faster than colder water. Although the observation has been verified, there is no single scientific explanation for the effect.

The boiling point of an element or a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid.

A supersolid is a spatially ordered material with superfluid properties. Superfluidity is a special quantum state of matter in which a substance flows with zero viscosity.

This option is correct because when the molten sulphur is poured into a beaker of water, it forms a rubbery mass which remains in polymer form for a variable length of the time, but it may get crystallised into a brittle form.

A foam is a substance that is formed by trapping many gaseous bubbles in a liquid or solid. A foam is normally an extremely complex system consisting of polydisperse gas bubbles separated by draining films.

Nanofoams are a class of nanostructured, porous materials, foams, containing a significant population of pores with diameters less than 100 nm. Aerogel is an example of nanofoam.

In chemistry, an ideal solution or ideal mixture is a solution with thermodynamic properties analogous to those of a mixture of ideal gases. The enthalpy of solution (or enthalpy of mixing) is zero as is the volume change on mixing; the closer to zero the enthalpy of solution is, the more ideal the behavior of the solution becomes.

In chemistry, a mixture is a material system made up by two or more different substances which are mixed together but aren't combined chemically. Mixture refers to the physical combination of two or more substances the identities of which are retained. It can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous.

This option is correct as in molarity there is volume term which alters with respect to temperature, M=no. of moles of solute/volume of solution in litres. By increasing the temperature volume expands and molarity decreases.

This option is correct as molality does not changes with temperature as there is no volume term in the formula of molality, M = no. of moles of the solute/mass of solvent in kg.

Water exhibits anomalous expansion when heated from 0°C to 10°C. Initially, volume decreases until 4°C (maximum density point), then increases normally. This unique property is crucial for aquatic life survival in cold climates.

Deuterium oxide (D2O) is called heavy water because deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen with twice the mass. Regular water is H2O, and light water is not a standard term.

 When water boils, it turns into vapors. When the temperature falls on touching the wall, the vapors condense.