Biology and Science Terminology

Genetics is the specific branch of biology that studies heredity (the passing of traits from parents to offspring) and variation (the differences that exist between individuals). While biology is the broader study of life, biotechnology applies biological knowledge to technology, and botany specifically studies plants - genetics is the precise term for the study of heredity and variation across all organisms.

Pharmacodynamics studies the physiological and biochemical effects of drugs on the body and their mechanisms of action, whereas pharmacokinetics deals with how the body affects the drug (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion).

Phycology is the branch of biology that studies algae, including their physiology, structure, ecology, and classification. Chronology is the science of arranging events in order, zoology studies animals, and phrenology is the pseudoscience of determining character from skull shape.

Pedology (from Greek pedon = soil) is the branch of soil science that studies soil in its natural environment - its formation, classification, morphology, and geographic distribution. Entomology studies insects, aerobiology studies airborne organic particles, and soil biology is a subfield of pedology.

Geriatrics is the branch of medicine focused on the health and care of elderly people. Oncology deals with cancer, obstetrics with childbirth and pregnancy, and endocrinology with hormones and glands.

Petrology is the study of the origin, composition and structure of rocks.

The study of the spatial distributions of plants and vegetation in their habitat

Neurology is the medical specialty specifically concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system. Urology deals with urinary tract, haematology with blood, and herpentology (likely a misspelling of herpetology) studies reptiles and amphibians.

Oncology is the branch of medicine that specifically studies tumors and cancer. Virology studies viruses, ornithology studies birds, and osteology studies bones.

In astronomy,  we study about the composition, behaviour of universe and its celestial bodies like stars, planets, moon, asteroids, etc.

Histology is the study of tissues. All multicellular organisms possess groups of cells of similar structures and functions assembled together to form tissues.

Histopathology, is the microscopic study of the diseased tissue.It refers to the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease.

Phrenology: At one point in time, psychologists believed that behavioral characteristics of humans could be described by measuring the bumps on their heads. The technique was established by Francis Gall in the early 1800's and, as it can be understood, it didn't last long as he couldn't establish solid results. However, it did set the stage for later developments and approaches to measuring specific areas of the brain.

The constancy of the internal environment in the body is called homeostasis.

Neurology is the branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of nervous system disorders. Neurologists study the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and muscles. Urology deals with urinary system, haematology with blood, and herpentology is not a standard medical term (likely misspelling of herpetology, the study of reptiles).