Biology

Respiration and Gas Transport

647 Questions

Respiration and gas transport deal with the physiological mechanisms of breathing, including the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport and the removal of carbon dioxide from the blood. Questions cover both aerobic and anaerobic processes, along with related phenomena like altitude sickness. This human biology topic is a staple in the science sections of competitive tests.

Oxygen and hemoglobin transportAnaerobic respiration effectsCarbon dioxide removalAltitude sickness causesBreathing rate regulation

Respiration and Gas Transport Questions

Multiple choice biology blood circulatory system of human cardiac disorders cardiac regulation and disorders the blood system

Which of the following gases mixes with the blood and prevents it from carrying oxygen?

  1. Carbon monoxide

  2. Carbon dioxide

  3. Nitrogen oxide

  4. Nitrogen trioxide
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The hemoglobin have more affinity towards the carbon monoxide rather than the oxygen. When the air is inhaled and there is presence of carbon monoxide, the hemoglobin protein binds to the carbon monoxide. This results in the formation of complex called as carboxyhemoglobin. This is the condition in which there is reduction in the supply of oxygen to the tissues which might lead to death.

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Multiple choice biology blood circulatory system of human cardiac disorders cardiac regulation and disorders the blood system

Which of the following binds with hemoglobin irreversibly?

  1. Carbon dioxide

  2. Carbon monoxide

  3. Ethane

  4. Nitrogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The red blood cells contain hemoglobin and each red blood cell contains nearly 280 million hemoglobin molecules. The hemoglobin molecules transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and also transports CO$ _2$ from the tissues to the lungs. However, the affinity displayed by hemoglobin molecules for carbon monoxide is many times greater than oxygen. The presence of even very low levels of carbon monoxide has a profound effect on oxygen transport of the blood. Moreover, the binding of carbon monoxide to hemoglobin is irreversible.

Multiple choice biology blood circulatory system of human cardiac disorders cardiac regulation and disorders the blood system

Minimum concentration and pressure of CO in alveoli of lungs that would be dangerous to man is

  1. 1 %, 0-7 mm Hg

  2. 0-4 %, 0-7 mm Hg

  3. 2 -7%, 0-4 mm Hg

  4. 0 -3 %, 0-4 mm Hg
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Minimum concentration and pressure of CO in alveoli of lungs that would be dangerous to man is about 1 %, 0-7 mm Hg.
Carbon monoxide from alveolar air diffuses into the blood, competes with oxygen for binding sites on hemoglobin molecules. As carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin with more affinity than oxygen to form a more stable compound called as carboxyhaemoglobin. This prevents the carriage of oxygen to the blood, and hence to tissues, muscles and all other organs (heart, brain, kidney, liver etc.) and thus can even lead to death. Carbon monoxide poisoning can occur acutely with smoke intoxication, or over a period of time, as in cigarette smoking.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice physics pressure in fluids and atmospheric pressure common consequences of the atmospheric pressure atmospheric pressure and its consequences important points about atmospheric pressure

What will happen to submaximal heart rate during exercise at altitude for any given level of submaximal oxygen consumption when compared to sea level?

  1. increase

  2. decrease

  3. remain the same

  4. depends on the type of activity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Since at high altitude oxygen concentration is less in compare to that at sea level hence rate of ${ O } _{ 2 }$ consumption increases leading to increase in heart rate.

Multiple choice physics pressure in fluids and atmospheric pressure common consequences of the atmospheric pressure atmospheric pressure and its consequences important points about atmospheric pressure

It has been shown that those who successfully deal with altitude have

  1. weak hypoxic ventilatory drives

  2. a lower arterial PO2.

  3. strong hypoxic ventilatory drives.

  4. the ability to hypoventilate.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Those who successfully deal with altitude have strong hypoxic ventilatory drives.

Multiple choice physics pressure in fluids and atmospheric pressure common consequences of the atmospheric pressure atmospheric pressure and its consequences important points about atmospheric pressure

Which of the following is a physiological change that has been shown to occur as a result of exposure to extreme altitudes?

  1. increases in muscle fiber area

  2. increases in mitochondrial volume

  3. decreases in muscle fiber area

  4. both a and b
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

When a person reside at high altitude where oxygen concentration is very less, then their muscle fibre area decreases for maximization of oxygen carrying capacity.

Multiple choice evs a seeds tells a farmer's story manure manures and fertilisers water absorption organ

Leghaemoglobin is produced in response to 

  1. Respiration

  2. Fatty acid oxidation

  3. Photosynthesis
  4. $N _2$ -fixation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Leghaemoglobin is produced by legumes in response to the roots being colonized by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, termed rhizobia, as part of the symbiotic interaction between plant and bacterium. 
Thus, the correct answer is 'N$ _2$ - fixation.'

Multiple choice evs a seeds tells a farmer's story manure manures and fertilisers water absorption organ

Leghaemoglobin (A red colored haemoprotein) having an affinity for oxygen is present in the roots of

  1. Mustard

  2. Soyabean

  3. Carrot

  4. Radish
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Leghaemoglobin is a hemoprotein found in the root nodules of leguminous plants.  In plants colonized by Rhizobium, such as alfalfa or soybeans, the presence of oxygen in the root nodules would reduce the activity of the oxygen-sensitive nitrogenase, an enzyme responsible for the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen.   

So, the correct answer is 'soya bean'

Multiple choice evs a seeds tells a farmer's story manure manures and fertilisers water absorption organ

Which of the following is incorrect about leg-haemoglobin?

  1. It acts as $O _2$ scavenger

  2. It imports pink or red colour to the nodules
  3. It combines unit $O _2$ and protects nitrogenase

  4. It is a Mo-Fe protein
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Leg-haemoglobin is an oxygen carrier. It is found in root nodules of leguminous plants. It is red in colour and is a hemoprotein. It provides or helps in providing oxygen to symbiotic bacterial cells. 

It is Mo-Fe protein.

Multiple choice evs a seeds tells a farmer's story manure manures and fertilisers water absorption organ

Leghaemoglobin functions as

  1. Oxygen scavenger

  2. Nitrogen scavenger
  3. $CO _2$ scavenger

  4. Hydrogen carrier
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The root nodules of the leguminous plants contain an oxygen-binding heme protein called leghemoglobin. It is present in the cytoplasm of infected nodule cells at high concentrations. The function of  leghemoglobin is to help transport oxygen to the respiring symbiotic bacterial cells in a manner analogous to hemoglobin transporting oxygen to respiring tissues in animals. It has a high affinity for oxygen (approximately, ten times higher than the ß chain of human hemoglobin). Thus, it acts as a oxygen scavenger.
Hence, the correct answer is option (A).

Multiple choice evs a seeds tells a farmer's story manure manures and fertilisers water absorption organ

Leghaemoglobin is

  1. Respiratory pigment supplying oxygen to animal legs

  2. Haemoglobin of annelids

  3. Nitrogen fixing pigment

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Leghaemoglobin is a protein pigment present in the nodule roots that are inhabited by Rhizobium. It acts as an oxygen scavenger and prevent the enzyme nitrogenase(which is highly sensitive to oxygen) from oxygen molecules and help it in its protection.
So the correct answer is 'None of the above'.
Multiple choice evs circulation of blood circulatory system and organs blood and blood vessels transportation in living organisms role of receptors in the mouth types of teeth

In the human body, the blood transports

  1. Oxygen

  2. Nutrients

  3. Carbon dioxide

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The human circulatory system consists of a muscular four-chambered heart, a network of closed branching blood vessels and blood, the fluid which is circulated. Blood is a special connective tissue consisting of a fluid matrix, plasma, and formed elements. It is pumped by the heart to all over the body. In the human body, the blood transports oxygen, nutrients and carbon dioxide.
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
Multiple choice evs - i busy at work - our internal organs human lymphatic system lymph and its function lymph and tissue fluid

Consider the following statements: 
1. A major part of CO$ _2$ transport occurs in blood in the form of bicarbonate.
2. O$ _2$ transport occurs via haemoglobin of RBC in the body.
3. Carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin.
4. Pneumoconiosis affects the workers who work mainly in coal mining industry.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. 1, 2, 3 and 4

  2. 1, 2 and 3

  3. 2, 3 and 4

  4. 1 and 2
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

All four statements are correct: CO2 is transported as bicarbonate, O2 is carried by hemoglobin, carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin (forming carboxyhemoglobin), and pneumoconiosis is a lung disease caused by inhaling dust like coal dust.

Multiple choice evs - i busy at work - our internal organs human lymphatic system lymph and its function lymph and tissue fluid
Oxygen transportion in a human body takes place through _______________.
1. Blood 
2. Lungs  
3. Tissues.

  1. 1, 2 and 3

  2. 3, 1 and 2

  3. 2, 1 and 3

  4. 1, 3 and 2
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Oxygen transport involves the lungs (uptake), blood (transport via hemoglobin), and tissues (delivery). The logical sequence of the process is lungs to blood to tissues.