Biology

Respiration and Gas Transport

647 Questions

Respiration and gas transport deal with the physiological mechanisms of breathing, including the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport and the removal of carbon dioxide from the blood. Questions cover both aerobic and anaerobic processes, along with related phenomena like altitude sickness. This human biology topic is a staple in the science sections of competitive tests.

Oxygen and hemoglobin transportAnaerobic respiration effectsCarbon dioxide removalAltitude sickness causesBreathing rate regulation

Respiration and Gas Transport Questions

Multiple choice general knowledge science & technology

When the oxygen level in our brain drops and the carbon dioxide level rises, what do we do?

  1. Eat

  2. Drink water

  3. Run

  4. Yawn
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Yawning is an involuntary physiological response that occurs when oxygen levels in the brain drop and carbon dioxide levels rise. The deep inhalation during a yawn increases oxygen intake while the exhalation helps expel more carbon dioxide, helping restore proper gas balance in the blood and brain. Eating, drinking water, or running do not directly address this specific physiological need for gas exchange in the brain.

Multiple choice general knowledge science & technology

Excessive release of the pollutant carbon monoxide (CO), into the air may produce a condition in which oxygen supply in the human body decreases. What causes this condition?

  1. When inhaled into the human body, CO is converted into CO2.

  2. The inhaled CO has much higher affinity for haemoglobin as compared to oxygen

  3. The inhaled CO destroys the chemical structure of haemoglobin.

  4. The inhaled CO adversely affects the respiratory centre in the brain.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

CO causes hypoxia because it has 200-250 times higher affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen, forming carboxyhemoglobin and preventing oxygen transport. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because CO is not converted to CO2, does not destroy hemoglobin structure, and primarily affects oxygen transport at the molecular level rather than the respiratory center in the brain.

Multiple choice general knowledge

Nitrogen

  1. is essential to the body

  2. dilutes oxygen which, other wise is very active in the pure form

  3. makes oxygen soluble in blood

  4. decreases the density of air
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Multiple choice

In which condition, there is a sudden oxygen lack and simultaneous accumulation of carbon doxide in the body?

  1. Cyanosis

  2. Asphyxia

  3. Apnoea

  4. Hyperpnoea

  5. Dyspnoea
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A condition in which an extreme decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the body accompanied by an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide leads to loss of consciousness or death. Asphyxia can be induced by choking, drowning, electric shock, injury, or the inhalation of toxic gases.

Multiple choice

Which of the following respiratory function tests is used to measure exhaled carbon doxide concentration of client receiving mechanical ventilation?

  1. Pulmonary function test

  2. Pulse oximetry

  3. Capnography

  4. Arterial blood gas analysis

  5. Ventilation perfusion studies
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Capnography is a noninvasive procedure. It is used to measure exhaled carbon dioxide concentrations of client receiving mechanical ventilation. Capnography requires continuous sampling of exhaled air. The test is noninvasive and painless. Client who require capnography already have an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy tube in place for mechanical ventilation or airway management. A sensor is attached to the endotracheal tube or tracheostomy tube to measure end tidal carbon dioxide.

Multiple choice

In humans, the red blood cells __________.

  1. are secreted into the circulation as immature cells known as reticulocytes

  2. have life span of about 10 days

  3. depend on mitochondria for their ATP synthesis

  4. are formed by budding off megakaryocytes

  5. contain the respiratory pigment hemoglobin along with myoglobin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

It is the correct statement. Reticulocytes are young, anucleate, and red blood cells, which are released from bone marrow into the blood in increased numbers as a response to anemia.

Multiple choice

When exchange of gases occurs between blood and tissue fluid, it is called _____.

  1. external respiration

  2. tissue respiration

  3. cellular respiration

  4. none of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cellular (internal) respiration refers to gas exchange between blood and tissue fluid, where oxygen diffuses from blood into tissues and carbon dioxide moves from tissues into blood. External respiration is lung alveoli-capillary exchange. Tissue respiration is cellular metabolic processes. Option C accurately describes blood-tissue fluid gas exchange.

Multiple choice

In high altitude, the ______.

  1. number of RBC increases

  2. size of RBC increases

  3. number of RBC decreases

  4. size of RBC decreases
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

At high altitudes, decreased atmospheric oxygen partial pressure triggers increased erythropoietin production, which stimulates red blood cell (RBC) production in bone marrow. This adaptive response, called polycythemia, improves oxygen-carrying capacity. The RBC count increases, not the size. Options C and D are incorrect as RBC count increases, not decreases. Size changes are not the primary adaptation.