Respiration and Gas Exchange

It is found in alveoli of lungs.

These are the sudden movements of the diaphragm. It is an involuntary phenomenon occuring in the body.

The lungs are surrounded by a thin membrane known as the pleura which lines the thoracic cavity.

This is the correct option. Diaphragm is the floor of the chest cavity. It is not a part of human respiratory system.

This is the correct option. During the process of respiration, energy is produced, food is used up and exchange of gases occur.

This is the correct option. The normal range of breathing rate/minute in an adult person at rest is 15 - 18 times.

This is the correct option as this statement is false. During inhalation, the ribs move upwards and outwards, and the diaphragm moves downwards.

For particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 1 µm, Brownian diffusion is a major way for deposition in airways where the bulk flow is very low or absent.

Frogs use their skin to soak in the oxygen their bodies require. When they hibernate, they utilize the skin for any and all breathing. Damp skin is a must for subcutaneous gas exchange. If a frog's skin becomes dry, it will no longer be able to take in oxygen.

Along the sides of the vestibule are turbinates; mucous membrane covered projections that contain a very rich blood supply from the internal and external carotid arteries. They warm and humidify the inspired air.

The epiglottis is a leaf shaped structure, immediately posterior to the base of the tongue, above the larynx. When food or liquids are swallowed, the epiglottis closes over the larynx, protecting the lower airways from aspiration.

Vesicular breath sounds are heard throughout the chest and are best heard at the base of the lungs. They are low pitched soft sounds, best heard during inspiration.

Stridor is the name given to high pitched sounds produced when air passes through a partially obstructed or narrowed upper airway on inspiration. Stridor is associated with respiratory distress and can be life-threatening, because the airway is compromised.

Asthma is a disorder of the bronchial airways characterized by periods of reversible bronchospasm (spasms of prolonged contraction of the airway). Asthma is often called, the reactive airway disease. This complex disorder involves biochemical, immunologic, endocrine, infectious, autonomic, and psychological factors.

Hemoptysis is the expectoration (coughing up) of blood or of blood-stained sputum from the bronchi, larynx, trachea, or lungs (e.g., in tuberculosis or other respiratory infections or cardiovascular pathologies).