Reading Comprehension Questions

Multiple choice

What deters people from speaking against corruption?

Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

Corruption often goes unchallenged when people do not speak out about it. Witness accounts offer invaluable insights into corruption and are powerful tools in the fight against it. From exposing multi-million dollar financial scams to dangerous medical practices, whistleblowers play a crucial role in saving resources and even lives.
But in some countries, blowing the whistle can carry high personal risk – particularly when there is little legal protection against dismissal, humiliation or even physical abuse. Controls on information, libel and defamation laws, and inadequate investigation of whistleblowers’ claims can all deter people from speaking out.
Whistleblowers are less likely to report workplace misconduct when their employers do not provide clear internal reporting channels. And in some settings, whistle-blowing carries connotations of betrayal rather than being seen as a benefit to the public. Ultimately, societies, institutions and citizens lose out when there is no one willing to cry foul in the face of corruption.
Whistleblowers are invaluable in exposing corruption, fraud and mismanagement. Early disclosure of wrongdoing or the risk of wrongdoing can protect human rights, help to save lives and preserve the rule of law. When witnesses of corruption are confident about their ability to report it, corrupt individuals cannot hide behind the wall of silence.

  1. Connotations of betrayal

  2. Mismanagement of whistleblowers

  3. Corrupt individuals

  4. High personal risk

  5. .

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

 The second paragraph of the passage answers this question. It says blowing the whistle can carryhigh personal risk and can all deter people from speaking out.

Multiple choice
  1. 250 m

  2. 350 m

  3. 354 m

  4. 2250 m

  5. .

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The last line of the first paragraph is the answer.

Multiple choice
  1. Burma

  2. Sumatra

  3. India

  4. Sri Lanka

  5. .

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The first line of the passage states that Barren Island is a possession of India in the Andaman Sea.

Multiple choice
  1. Approachable

  2. Restricted

  3. Royal

  4. Magnificent

  5. .

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Accessible means approachable. Restricted is the antonym of accessible. Royal and magnificent are synonyms.

Multiple choice
  1. Because they are a source of food for marine communities

  2. Because reefs are among the most threatened ecosystems on earth

  3. Because they are animals with plants inside them

  4. Because they protect coastlines from wave and storm damage

  5. .

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The second part of the fourth sentence of the passage gives the answer to this, ‘As a result of growing human and environmental assaults, reefs are among the most threatened ecosystems on earth.’.

Multiple choice
  1. Barren Island

  2. Morphology of volcanoes in Barren Island

  3. Latest volcanic activity of Barren Island

  4. The security of Barren Island

  5. .

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The passage is discussing Barren Island as a whole. Its first paragraph is about the location of the island. The second paragraph deals with the details of the volcano situated on the island. The last paragraph deals with general information about the island.

Multiple choice
  1. Tiny plants

  2. Animals

  3. Plants with animals living inside them

  4. Animals with plants living inside them

  5. .

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The sixth sentence of the passage gives the answer. Corals are actually animals with plants living inside them.

Multiple choice
  1. Being a habitat and nursery ground for fisheries

  2. The role of corals in developing other communities

  3. Uncertain future due to human and ecological assaults

  4. Ecological research on reefs

  5. .

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The trend refers to the uncertain future of coral reefs due to human and ecological assaults. The third and fourth sentences of the passage refer to this.

Multiple choice
  1. He did sightseeing in the city.

  2. He backpacked around the city.

  3. He visited the cathedral again and again.

  4. He interacted with the representatives of different languages who had come to offer prayers at the cathedral.

  5. .

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The third last sentence of the passage answers this. 

Multiple choice
  1. He prayed with people of different languages.

  2. He prayed early in the mornings.

  3. He prayed without shyness and hesitation.

  4. He started attending mass while in the city.

  5. .

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

 The last sentence of the passage answers this. ‘I found myself praying for more than I had ever prayed for before, without shyness and without hesitation’.

Multiple choice
  1. Being a tourist

  2. Joining the people from around the world

  3. Spending a weekend in the city

  4. Meeting representatives from different language groups

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

 The first sentence of the passage gives the answer to this question. It says, ‘joining those who had arrived from around the world at the pilgrim's mass in the cathedral was a moving experience for me’.

Multiple choice
  1. representatives from different language groups offered prayers together

  2. the cathedral was filled with people

  3. his visit to Santiago de Compostela had an immediate effect on his spiritual life

  4. of the prayers of the pilgrims past and present

  5. .

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

 The second last sentence of the passage answers this question. ‘Even when I arrived early in the morning and had corners of the cathedral to myself, I felt surrounded and uplifted by the prayers of the pilgrims past and present’.

Multiple choice

The other word used for 'precise' in the passage is :

Directions: Read the paragraph and answer the question that follows:

Brain fingerprinting is a technique which is designed to determine whether an individual recognizes specific information related to an event or activity by measuring electrical brain waves. The technique works only in situations where investigators have a sufficient amount of specific information about an event or activity that could only have been known to the investigator and criminal.

Brain fingerprinting measures electrical brain activity via a fitted headband containing special sensors. In this, the person who has to be tested wears a headband with electronic sensors that measure the brain waves from several locations on the scalp. Brain fingerprinting uses cognitive brain responses and it does not depend upon the emotions of a subject.

Dr. Lawrence Farwell is the inventor of the technique who has used the technique in one court case to determine the innocence of a man convicted of a murder. In his experiment, Farwell showed each person pictures from the crime scene and measured their brainwave response to see which person had seen the crime scene before. Farwell claimed the test is 99.99 infallible and he convinced the court to free the convicted person. The technique can be used to fight terrorism if mandated. On the other hand, critics question whether brain fingerprinting could be administered efficiently and without a considerable number of false readings.

  1. determine

  2. infallible

  3. mandated

  4. response

  5. None of these

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Infallible means similar to precise. Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Multiple choice
In Passage II, 'Track your personnel and your equipment” What does nurse Terranova dislike this slogan?

Directions: Answer the question on the basis of what is stated or implied in the twin passage.

Passage – I
When a patient calls for help at Seton Medical Center, Hi, Mr. Rogers, can I help you? (says a nurse), it's never a problem finding the nurse. You want him to come in? OK, OK thanks. [It’s] because they all wear locator badges [that are] part of a wireless system that tracks their movements on the floor. You can even tell when they are walking down the hallway? asks James Hattori. Yes, you can. This system made by Hill-Rom uses infrared signals to detect when nurses enter a room to answer a call. Staff can talk and listen through a wall unit to nurses or even to patients in other rooms. The time we were spending hunting staff down trying to find them and locate them we can put that to much better use, says a staff member from Seton. Hill-Rom says it has systems installed in more than 850 U.S. hospitals. Some nurses worry that the devices will be used to listen in on conversations and scrutinize their movements. I'm not wearing mine. I will still meet my patients’ needs but I will not wear this badge. Annette Bearden is among dozens of nurses at Eden Medical Center who staged an active protest two months ago saying the system smacks of Big Brotherism. They hid their badges though they were later recovered. You know it makes me not feel like a professional. It makes me feel like someone has to watch me to make sure I am doing my job. The biggest reason we installed this technology is because our old call system is about 25 years old, says a hospital manager. For hospitals this is a case of technology allowing, perhaps forcing people to better utilize their time. Officials at Eden don't deny they monitor how long it takes nurses to respond to calls but say their main concern is patient care. I think it is one tool that we can use in measuring performance overall performance but by itself it is not a valid disciplinary tool, says an Eden spokesperson. Eden is expanding its system with hopes the nurse will eventually accept the new technology, but back at Seton where it's been in place for about two years, there are no qualms. Once the staff actually find out how advantageous it can be for them and the patients, well, actually it became very popular. Here Big Brother may be watching, but they say he is also helping out. The Hill-Rom devices look like a mini computer mouse. Some hospitals are putting them in nurses’ lounges and kitchens. In Castro Valley, California, the Eden Medical Center spent almost three hundred thousand dollars to install the Hill-Rom systems on two floors. Eden hopes to get more of the systems for other floors.

Passage - II
Christina Terranova, RN, LNC, a New York State Nurses Association nurse representative and member, was interviewed by ABC News and The New York Times on the issue of nurse tracking. Simply put, she finds the practice offensive to nurses and the profession, harmful to patient care and potentially harmful to nurses' health. Here we are in a national battle to preserve our profession, and the companies who make these systems are advertising them with slogans like 'Track your personnel and your equipment,' Terranova said. The day registered nurses are lumped in with IVAC pumps, it's a sad day. She believes the use of tracking systems will continue to grow, because the health care industry is more into time management and profit margins than its original mission of caring for the ill. Joy Roberts, MSN, RN, and another nurse faculty member were appalled when they learned that two of their students were forced to wear locator badges where they work. Roberts teaches a graduate course called Policy Organization and Finance in Health Care at the University of Missouri Ð Kansas City. Some nurses might not care about it as an issue, but if one stops to think about it, wearing these devices is like home detention for prisoners, Roberts said. It devalues nurses because it implies that they are not doing their work. Physicians would never tolerate it. She and her colleague now are investigating which other facilities are using tracking devices in their state. Said the Missouri Nurses Association member, Our goal is to find a way to put a stop to it. Florida Nurses Association member Robyn Cheung, MSN, RN, couldn't feel more differently about the technology. A staff nurse on a telemetry unit, Cheung likes the tracking system at her facility for many of the same reasons expressed earlier by other nurses. She said she's never heard of any cases in which the system was used against nurses or that management wants nurses out of patient rooms within a certain amount of time. Her facility's system currently generates two reports. One is the staff activity report, which shows where nursing staff were throughout their 12-hours shifts. The other is the call report, which shows when a patient put on the call light, and when it was answered. (The call light goes off automatically when staff walk into a patient's room.) This can be another way to demonstrate where nurses spend their time, and if they are pulled in too many directions, correlate it to adverse patient outcomes, Cheung said. But Terranova remains firm in her opposition. Beyond the time management and professionalism issues, Terranova is concerned about the health risks nurses face when exposed to low-level infrared pulses, which are emitted from the tracking badges, and electromagnetic fields, which surround the sensors. There's been very little research done on long-term exposure to low-dose infrared, Terranova said. It wasn't too long ago that we were mixing chemo with our hands. I see us again being placed in this guinea pig situation. We really have to look at this, she continued. Even if it makes it easier to find (the nurse with) the keys -- at what price?

 

  1. She believes that the national battle to preserve nursing profession is being lost.

  2. She believes that this has hard hit the nurses' capabilities.

  3. She believes that disorderly piling up equipment and nurses is incorrect.

  4. She is against Big Brotherly attitude.

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The sentence “The day registered nurses are lumped in with IVAC pumps, it's a sad day” which is given immediately after the phrase “track your………” brings us to the right answer (3).

Multiple choice
In Passage I, what is closest to the meaning to “Big Brotherism”?

Directions: Answer the question on the basis of what is stated or implied in the twin passage.

Passage – I
When a patient calls for help at Seton Medical Center, Hi, Mr. Rogers, can I help you? (says a nurse), it's never a problem finding the nurse. You want him to come in? OK, OK thanks. [It’s] because they all wear locator badges [that are] part of a wireless system that tracks their movements on the floor. You can even tell when they are walking down the hallway? asks James Hattori. Yes, you can. This system made by Hill-Rom uses infrared signals to detect when nurses enter a room to answer a call. Staff can talk and listen through a wall unit to nurses or even to patients in other rooms. The time we were spending hunting staff down trying to find them and locate them we can put that to much better use, says a staff member from Seton. Hill-Rom says it has systems installed in more than 850 U.S. hospitals. Some nurses worry that the devices will be used to listen in on conversations and scrutinize their movements. I'm not wearing mine. I will still meet my patients’ needs but I will not wear this badge. Annette Bearden is among dozens of nurses at Eden Medical Center who staged an active protest two months ago saying the system smacks of Big Brotherism. They hid their badges though they were later recovered. You know it makes me not feel like a professional. It makes me feel like someone has to watch me to make sure I am doing my job. The biggest reason we installed this technology is because our old call system is about 25 years old, says a hospital manager. For hospitals this is a case of technology allowing, perhaps forcing people to better utilize their time. Officials at Eden don't deny they monitor how long it takes nurses to respond to calls but say their main concern is patient care. I think it is one tool that we can use in measuring performance overall performance but by itself it is not a valid disciplinary tool, says an Eden spokesperson. Eden is expanding its system with hopes the nurse will eventually accept the new technology, but back at Seton where it's been in place for about two years, there are no qualms. Once the staff actually find out how advantageous it can be for them and the patients, well, actually it became very popular. Here Big Brother may be watching, but they say he is also helping out. The Hill-Rom devices look like a mini computer mouse. Some hospitals are putting them in nurses’ lounges and kitchens. In Castro Valley, California, the Eden Medical Center spent almost three hundred thousand dollars to install the Hill-Rom systems on two floors. Eden hopes to get more of the systems for other floors.

Passage - II
Christina Terranova, RN, LNC, a New York State Nurses Association nurse representative and member, was interviewed by ABC News and The New York Times on the issue of nurse tracking. Simply put, she finds the practice offensive to nurses and the profession, harmful to patient care and potentially harmful to nurses' health. Here we are in a national battle to preserve our profession, and the companies who make these systems are advertising them with slogans like 'Track your personnel and your equipment,' Terranova said. The day registered nurses are lumped in with IVAC pumps, it's a sad day. She believes the use of tracking systems will continue to grow, because the health care industry is more into time management and profit margins than its original mission of caring for the ill. Joy Roberts, MSN, RN, and another nurse faculty member were appalled when they learned that two of their students were forced to wear locator badges where they work. Roberts teaches a graduate course called Policy Organization and Finance in Health Care at the University of Missouri Ð Kansas City. Some nurses might not care about it as an issue, but if one stops to think about it, wearing these devices is like home detention for prisoners, Roberts said. It devalues nurses because it implies that they are not doing their work. Physicians would never tolerate it. She and her colleague now are investigating which other facilities are using tracking devices in their state. Said the Missouri Nurses Association member, Our goal is to find a way to put a stop to it. Florida Nurses Association member Robyn Cheung, MSN, RN, couldn't feel more differently about the technology. A staff nurse on a telemetry unit, Cheung likes the tracking system at her facility for many of the same reasons expressed earlier by other nurses. She said she's never heard of any cases in which the system was used against nurses or that management wants nurses out of patient rooms within a certain amount of time. Her facility's system currently generates two reports. One is the staff activity report, which shows where nursing staff were throughout their 12-hours shifts. The other is the call report, which shows when a patient put on the call light, and when it was answered. (The call light goes off automatically when staff walk into a patient's room.) This can be another way to demonstrate where nurses spend their time, and if they are pulled in too many directions, correlate it to adverse patient outcomes, Cheung said. But Terranova remains firm in her opposition. Beyond the time management and professionalism issues, Terranova is concerned about the health risks nurses face when exposed to low-level infrared pulses, which are emitted from the tracking badges, and electromagnetic fields, which surround the sensors. There's been very little research done on long-term exposure to low-dose infrared, Terranova said. It wasn't too long ago that we were mixing chemo with our hands. I see us again being placed in this guinea pig situation. We really have to look at this, she continued. Even if it makes it easier to find (the nurse with) the keys -- at what price?

 

  1. Government interference

  2. Free movement

  3. All seeing authoritarian government

  4. Spied on by the hospital

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Big Brotherism means “Authoritarian efforts at total control, as of a person or nation”. As the nurses feel that their movements and work is being controlled by the management, (3) is the right choice.