Reading Comprehension

Give an appropriate title for the given passage.

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

Out of all the measures that are necessary in addressing India’s impending waste management crisis, the most efficient will be changes at the national policy and planning level. It is well known among the small but growing waste management sector that urban India will hit rock bottom due to improper waste management. Unfortunately, they think such a crisis is required to bring about policy changes, as they generally tend to happen only after the damage has been done. This attitude is unfortunate because it indicates a lack of or failed effort from the sector to change policy, and also the level of India’s planning and preparedness.
An average of 32,000 people will be added to urban India everyday, continuously, until 2021. This number is a warning, considering how India’s waste management infrastructure went berserk trying to deal with just 25,000 new urban Indians during the last decade. The scale of urbanisation in India and around the world is unprecedented with planetary consequences to Earth’s limited material and energy resources, and its natural balance. Rate of increase in access to sanitation infrastructure generally lags behind the rate of urbanisation around the world; however, the lack of planning and impromptu piecemeal responses to waste management issues observed in India might indicate a much wider gap. This means urban Indians will have to wait longer than an average urban citizen of our world for access to proper waste management infrastructure.
The clear trend in the outbreak of epidemic and public protests around India is that they are happening in the biggest cities in their respective regions. However, long term national level plans to improve waste management in India do not exist and guidance offered to urban local bodies is meager.

According to the passage, why is the modern consumer willing to pay more for cleaning chemicals than he paid for soaps and detergents?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Cleaning can be the basic guarantee of healthy environment and the cleaning products are the substances used in cleaning. An analysis on the global market of washing chemicals suggested that cleaning chemicals have reached an increasingly improved and fast development worldwide. And in the near future, cleaning chemicals will take up a larger part in the global market. The reason of cleaning chemicals developing so fast is the global demand for cleaning chemicals in the market; that is driven by the rise in population and increased impact on usage norms. There is also a greater concern for hygiene nowadays. Cleaning chemicals can make the cleaning task easier and quicker as they do not make use of any detergents or soaps that may be time consuming for most of the time. Therefore, consumers are more likely to pay more for these cleaning chemicals.

What allows corruption to go unchallenged?

Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

Corruption often goes unchallenged when people do not speak out about it. Witness accounts offer invaluable insights into corruption, and are powerful tools in the fight against it. From exposing multi-million dollar financial scams to dangerous medical practices, whistleblowers play a crucial role in saving resources and even lives.
But in some countries, blowing the whistle can carry high personal risk – particularly when there is little legal protection against dismissal, humiliation or even physical abuse. Controls on information, libel and defamation laws, and inadequate investigation of whistleblowers’ claims can all deter people from speaking out.
Whistleblowers are less likely to report workplace misconduct when their employers do not provide clear internal reporting channels. And in some settings, whistle-blowing carries connotations of betrayal rather than being seen as a benefit to the public. Ultimately, societies, institutions and citizens lose out when there is no one willing to cry foul in the face of corruption

What deters people from speaking against corruption?

Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

Corruption often goes unchallenged when people do not speak out about it. Witness accounts offer invaluable insights into corruption, and are powerful tools in the fight against it. From exposing multi-million dollar financial scams to dangerous medical practices, whistleblowers play a crucial role in saving resources and even lives.
But in some countries, blowing the whistle can carry high personal risk – particularly when there is little legal protection against dismissal, humiliation or even physical abuse. Controls on information, libel and defamation laws, and inadequate investigation of whistleblowers’ claims can all deter people from speaking out.
Whistleblowers are less likely to report workplace misconduct when their employers do not provide clear internal reporting channels. And in some settings, whistle-blowing carries connotations of betrayal rather than being seen as a benefit to the public. Ultimately, societies, institutions and citizens lose out when there is no one willing to cry foul in the face of corruption

When do the whistleblowers not report workplace misconduct?

Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

Corruption often goes unchallenged when people do not speak out about it. Witness accounts offer invaluable insights into corruption, and are powerful tools in the fight against it. From exposing multi-million dollar financial scams to dangerous medical practices, whistleblowers play a crucial role in saving resources and even lives.
But in some countries, blowing the whistle can carry high personal risk – particularly when there is little legal protection against dismissal, humiliation or even physical abuse. Controls on information, libel and defamation laws, and inadequate investigation of whistleblowers’ claims can all deter people from speaking out.
Whistleblowers are less likely to report workplace misconduct when their employers do not provide clear internal reporting channels. And in some settings, whistle-blowing carries connotations of betrayal rather than being seen as a benefit to the public. Ultimately, societies, institutions and citizens lose out when there is no one willing to cry foul in the face of corruption

‘Whistleblowers are invaluable in exposing corruption.’ What does ‘invaluable’ mean in this context?

Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

Corruption often goes unchallenged when people do not speak out about it. Witness accounts offer invaluable insights into corruption, and are powerful tools in the fight against it. From exposing multi-million dollar financial scams to dangerous medical practices, whistleblowers play a crucial role in saving resources and even lives.
But in some countries, blowing the whistle can carry high personal risk – particularly when there is little legal protection against dismissal, humiliation or even physical abuse. Controls on information, libel and defamation laws, and inadequate investigation of whistleblowers’ claims can all deter people from speaking out.
Whistleblowers are less likely to report workplace misconduct when their employers do not provide clear internal reporting channels. And in some settings, whistle-blowing carries connotations of betrayal rather than being seen as a benefit to the public. Ultimately, societies, institutions and citizens lose out when there is no one willing to cry foul in the face of corruption

What is the aim of every player these days?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

In the modern world, sports have assumed a very horrible shape and form. They play a very wild, savage and dangerous role. There is cut-throat competition in almost all the games and sports played today. Every player plays to win. Victory by hook or crook is the be-all and end-all of every sport. Some of the rural sports give vent to animal passions and involve a lot of cruelty to animals. Rural folk enjoy the pleasure of fishing, cock fighting, bear-baiting and rat-hunting. In the Middle ages, games were played in a very brutal and cruel manner. In a big town, only group activities provide an outlet to a person's surplus energy and animal passions. Organized games flourish in urban areas. Modern sporting contests and competitions provide sadistic pleasure by causing pain to others. To a great extent, George Orwell is right when he relates animal like psyche with the modern, competitive sports. Players turn into devils. They make every possible effort to hit, wound and maim the opponents. It is wrong to believe that international sporting competitions promote friendship and good will. On the other hand, they create hatred, bitterness, hostility and revenge. For a time, it seems that running, jumping and kicking a ball are the tests of national character. Brutal is the behavior of the players. Wild is the attitude of the spectators, and shocking is the behavior of the nations behind the spectators.

The writer in the passage does all EXCEPT

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

In the modern world, sports have assumed a very horrible shape and form. They play a very wild, savage and dangerous role. There is cut-throat competition in almost all the games and sports played today. Every player plays to win. Victory by hook or crook is the be-all and end-all of every sport. Some of the rural sports give vent to animal passions and involve a lot of cruelty to animals. Rural folk enjoy the pleasure of fishing, cock fighting, bear-baiting and rat-hunting. In the Middle ages, games were played in a very brutal and cruel manner. In a big town, only group activities provide an outlet to a person's surplus energy and animal passions. Organized games flourish in urban areas. Modern sporting contests and competitions provide sadistic pleasure by causing pain to others. To a great extent, George Orwell is right when he relates animal like psyche with the modern, competitive sports. Players turn into devils. They make every possible effort to hit, wound and maim the opponents. It is wrong to believe that international sporting competitions promote friendship and good will. On the other hand, they create hatred, bitterness, hostility and revenge. For a time, it seems that running, jumping and kicking a ball are the tests of national character. Brutal is the behavior of the players. Wild is the attitude of the spectators, and shocking is the behavior of the nations behind the spectators.

Assign a suitable title to the passage.

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

In the modern world, sports have assumed a very horrible shape and form. They play a very wild, savage and dangerous role. There is cut-throat competition in almost all the games and sports played today. Every player plays to win. Victory by hook or crook is the be-all and end-all of every sport. Some of the rural sports give vent to animal passions and involve a lot of cruelty to animals. Rural folk enjoy the pleasure of fishing, cock fighting, bear-baiting and rat-hunting. In the Middle ages, games were played in a very brutal and cruel manner. In a big town, only group activities provide an outlet to a person's surplus energy and animal passions. Organized games flourish in urban areas. Modern sporting contests and competitions provide sadistic pleasure by causing pain to others. To a great extent, George Orwell is right when he relates animal like psyche with the modern, competitive sports. Players turn into devils. They make every possible effort to hit, wound and maim the opponents. It is wrong to believe that international sporting competitions promote friendship and good will. On the other hand, they create hatred, bitterness, hostility and revenge. For a time, it seems that running, jumping and kicking a ball are the tests of national character. Brutal is the behavior of the players. Wild is the attitude of the spectators, and shocking is the behavior of the nations behind the spectators.

Why do the people in rural areas love animal games?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

In the modern world, sports have assumed a very horrible shape and form. They play a very wild, savage and dangerous role. There is cut-throat competition in almost all the games and sports played today. Every player plays to win. Victory by hook or crook is the be-all and end-all of every sport. Some of the rural sports give vent to animal passions and involve a lot of cruelty to animals. Rural folk enjoy the pleasure of fishing, cock fighting, bear-baiting and rat-hunting. In the Middle ages, games were played in a very brutal and cruel manner. In a big town, only group activities provide an outlet to a person's surplus energy and animal passions. Organized games flourish in urban areas. Modern sporting contests and competitions provide sadistic pleasure by causing pain to others. To a great extent, George Orwell is right when he relates animal like psyche with the modern, competitive sports. Players turn into devils. They make every possible effort to hit, wound and maim the opponents. It is wrong to believe that international sporting competitions promote friendship and good will. On the other hand, they create hatred, bitterness, hostility and revenge. For a time, it seems that running, jumping and kicking a ball are the tests of national character. Brutal is the behavior of the players. Wild is the attitude of the spectators, and shocking is the behavior of the nations behind the spectators.

What role do the modern sports play in our lives?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

In the modern world, sports have assumed a very horrible shape and form. They play a very wild, savage and dangerous role. There is cut-throat competition in almost all the games and sports played today. Every player plays to win. Victory by hook or crook is the be-all and end-all of every sport. Some of the rural sports give vent to animal passions and involve a lot of cruelty to animals. Rural folk enjoy the pleasure of fishing, cock fighting, bear-baiting and rat-hunting. In the Middle ages, games were played in a very brutal and cruel manner. In a big town, only group activities provide an outlet to a person's surplus energy and animal passions. Organized games flourish in urban areas. Modern sporting contests and competitions provide sadistic pleasure by causing pain to others. To a great extent, George Orwell is right when he relates animal like psyche with the modern, competitive sports. Players turn into devils. They make every possible effort to hit, wound and maim the opponents. It is wrong to believe that international sporting competitions promote friendship and good will. On the other hand, they create hatred, bitterness, hostility and revenge. For a time, it seems that running, jumping and kicking a ball are the tests of national character. Brutal is the behavior of the players. Wild is the attitude of the spectators, and shocking is the behavior of the nations behind the spectators.

What is yardstick of the national character these days?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

In the modern world, sports have assumed a very horrible shape and form. They play a very wild, savage and dangerous role. There is cut-throat competition in almost all the games and sports played today. Every player plays to win. Victory by hook or crook is the be-all and end-all of every sport. Some of the rural sports give vent to animal passions and involve a lot of cruelty to animals. Rural folk enjoy the pleasure of fishing, cock fighting, bear-baiting and rat-hunting. In the Middle ages, games were played in a very brutal and cruel manner. In a big town, only group activities provide an outlet to a person's surplus energy and animal passions. Organized games flourish in urban areas. Modern sporting contests and competitions provide sadistic pleasure by causing pain to others. To a great extent, George Orwell is right when he relates animal like psyche with the modern, competitive sports. Players turn into devils. They make every possible effort to hit, wound and maim the opponents. It is wrong to believe that international sporting competitions promote friendship and good will. On the other hand, they create hatred, bitterness, hostility and revenge. For a time, it seems that running, jumping and kicking a ball are the tests of national character. Brutal is the behavior of the players. Wild is the attitude of the spectators, and shocking is the behavior of the nations behind the spectators.

What does the writer mean when he says, 'Players turn into devils'.

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

In the modern world, sports have assumed a very horrible shape and form. They play a very wild, savage and dangerous role. There is cut-throat competition in almost all the games and sports played today. Every player plays to win. Victory by hook or crook is the be-all and end-all of every sport. Some of the rural sports give vent to animal passions and involve a lot of cruelty to animals. Rural folk enjoy the pleasure of fishing, cock fighting, bear-baiting and rat-hunting. In the Middle ages, games were played in a very brutal and cruel manner. In a big town, only group activities provide an outlet to a person's surplus energy and animal passions. Organized games flourish in urban areas. Modern sporting contests and competitions provide sadistic pleasure by causing pain to others. To a great extent, George Orwell is right when he relates animal like psyche with the modern, competitive sports. Players turn into devils. They make every possible effort to hit, wound and maim the opponents. It is wrong to believe that international sporting competitions promote friendship and good will. On the other hand, they create hatred, bitterness, hostility and revenge. For a time, it seems that running, jumping and kicking a ball are the tests of national character. Brutal is the behavior of the players. Wild is the attitude of the spectators, and shocking is the behavior of the nations behind the spectators.

What is the style of the writer in the passage?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

In the modern world, sports have assumed a very horrible shape and form. They play a very wild, savage and dangerous role. There is cut-throat competition in almost all the games and sports played today. Every player plays to win. Victory by hook or crook is the be-all and end-all of every sport. Some of the rural sports give vent to animal passions and involve a lot of cruelty to animals. Rural folk enjoy the pleasure of fishing, cock fighting, bear-baiting and rat-hunting. In the Middle ages, games were played in a very brutal and cruel manner. In a big town, only group activities provide an outlet to a person's surplus energy and animal passions. Organized games flourish in urban areas. Modern sporting contests and competitions provide sadistic pleasure by causing pain to others. To a great extent, George Orwell is right when he relates animal like psyche with the modern, competitive sports. Players turn into devils. They make every possible effort to hit, wound and maim the opponents. It is wrong to believe that international sporting competitions promote friendship and good will. On the other hand, they create hatred, bitterness, hostility and revenge. For a time, it seems that running, jumping and kicking a ball are the tests of national character. Brutal is the behavior of the players. Wild is the attitude of the spectators, and shocking is the behavior of the nations behind the spectators.