Reading Comprehension

Why does the author think that the cost of solar electricity is high in India?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

The solar industry in India is still in its nascent stage and faces many challenges such as high costs of solar power generation. In India, cost of solar electricity produced on-grid is high mainly due to dependence on imports for silicon and solar wafers used for the manufacture of solar cells – about 80% of which comes through imports. Solar projects are capital intensive, and the lack of an effective financing infrastructure for these projects is another major factor impeding growth in this sector. Another challenge faced today is the disparity in solar potential across states.
Currently Research and Development (R&D) in this sector is on a slow track due to lack of collaborative and goal driven efforts on this front. Technological innovations that improve the efficiency of current solar energy systems are necessary to exploit the solar energy potential in India. In order to facilitate this, government has to frame comprehensive R&D schemes and provide incentives along with the current subsidy schemes. Another major factor restricting the growth of this sector is the lack of standards, resulting in the fragmentation of the market among manufacturers and suppliers. Standardisation of systems will lead to rationalisation of cost as companies can invest in R&D and newer technologies to meet common specifications. Facilitating closer industry – government cooperation and increasing consumer awareness about the benefits of solar energy are some of the other main challenges currently faced by the industry.

What does the statement ‘it is an observable fact that target readers in abounding numbers tend to visit them, gain information and visit the website linked to it’ imply?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the given question.

Content marketing since the dawn of the World Wide Web have been in the glare of publicity as a result of its available attributes about promoting a website and thus exceeding the expectations of a marketer in the end. As usual, webmasters tend to create a weblog and loading it with fine quality and informative content with the aim to enhance the customer's base and that without costing a fortune. This strategy is typically proven to show constructive results for the entire satisfaction and pleasure of webmasters.
The idea of content marketing has been extensively espoused by both online marketers as well as users. One of the biggest benefits to implement this idea is to reflect everything your website has to showcase across your readers to embolden them to visit your website and take interest in the products or services. As webmasters publish new content daily or periodically in their weblogs, it is an observable fact that target readers in abounding numbers tend to visit them, gain information and visit the website linked to it.

What is the basis of linguistics in the current era?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the questions.

Morphology, the study of forms, is the branch of linguistics that deals with the internal structure of complex words. The term was first used in linguistics by August Schleicher in 1859. Linguists distinguish between simple words, which can be analyzed into meaningful parts. The world’s languages differ greatly in the complexity of their morphology. Languages also differ in the devices that are used to form complex words and the functions that this complexity serves. The study of morphology is one of the oldest branches of linguistics. The oldest known linguistic work, Panini’s grammar of Sanskrit, consisted entirely of morphology, and the classical Greek, Latin, and Semitic grammarians also concerned themselves largely with morphology. In modern-day linguistics, which began in the 19^th century, morphology is one of the core areas of grammar, along with phonetics, phonology, syntax, and semantics/pragmatics.

The oldest known linguistic work consisted entirely of which of the following?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the questions.

Morphology, the study of forms, is the branch of linguistics that deals with the internal structure of complex words. The term was first used in linguistics by August Schleicher in 1859. Linguists distinguish between simple words, which can be analyzed into meaningful parts. The world’s languages differ greatly in the complexity of their morphology. Languages also differ in the devices that are used to form complex words and the functions that this complexity serves. The study of morphology is one of the oldest branches of linguistics. The oldest known linguistic work, Panini’s grammar of Sanskrit, consisted entirely of morphology, and the classical Greek, Latin, and Semitic grammarians also concerned themselves largely with morphology. In modern-day linguistics, which began in the 19^th century, morphology is one of the core areas of grammar, along with phonetics, phonology, syntax, and semantics/pragmatics.

What is the basis of difference in the world’s languages?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the questions.

Morphology, the study of forms, is the branch of linguistics that deals with the internal structure of complex words. The term was first used in linguistics by August Schleicher in 1859. Linguists distinguish between simple words, which can be analyzed into meaningful parts. The world’s languages differ greatly in the complexity of their morphology. Languages also differ in the devices that are used to form complex words and the functions that this complexity serves. The study of morphology is one of the oldest branches of linguistics. The oldest known linguistic work, Panini’s grammar of Sanskrit, consisted entirely of morphology, and the classical Greek, Latin, and Semitic grammarians also concerned themselves largely with morphology. In modern-day linguistics, which began in the 19^th century, morphology is one of the core areas of grammar, along with phonetics, phonology, syntax, and semantics/pragmatics.

Why does the author think that only a few people take up a career in journalism?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the given question. 

Writing is the premium example of innate skill and talent. Everybody can write but not everybody can be a writer. Only a few are skilled at clear communication and succinct expression and a majority of those few take up the very challenging career of journalism. The art of expression combined with fearless voice and the ability to research for the truth are the premium ingredients in the making of a journalist. And as the charm of this glorious career multiplies, gamut of opportunities is opening up.
Many who take the course do realise the challenges it poses and how competitive a field it is but very few know that there are a world of opportunities available to carve your own niche, says a professor at a top journalism college in India.

The phrase ‘gamut of opportunities is opening up’ in the passage means that

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the given question. 

Writing is the premium example of innate skill and talent. Everybody can write but not everybody can be a writer. Only a few are skilled at clear communication and succinct expression and a majority of those few take up the very challenging career of journalism. The art of expression combined with fearless voice and the ability to research for the truth are the premium ingredients in the making of a journalist. And as the charm of this glorious career multiplies, gamut of opportunities is opening up.
Many who take the course do realise the challenges it poses and how competitive a field it is but very few know that there are a world of opportunities available to carve your own niche, says a professor at a top journalism college in India.

Which of the following is an appropriate heading for the given passage?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Cleaning can be the basic guarantee of healthy environment and the cleaning products are the substances used in cleaning. An analysis on the global market of washing chemicals suggested that cleaning chemicals have reached an increasingly improved and fast development worldwide. And in the near future, cleaning chemicals will take up a larger part in the global market. The reason of cleaning chemicals developing so fast is the global demand for cleaning chemicals in the market; that is driven by the rise in population and increased impact on usage norms. There is also a greater concern for hygiene nowadays. Cleaning chemicals can make the cleaning task easier and quicker as they do not make use of any detergents or soaps that may be time consuming for most of the time. Therefore, consumers are more likely to pay more for these cleaning chemicals.

Which of the following alternatives brings out the meaning of the phrase ‘innate skill and talent’?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the given question. 

Writing is the premium example of innate skill and talent. Everybody can write but not everybody can be a writer. Only a few are skilled at clear communication and succinct expression and a majority of those few take up the very challenging career of journalism. The art of expression combined with fearless voice and the ability to research for the truth are the premium ingredients in the making of a journalist. And as the charm of this glorious career multiplies, gamut of opportunities is opening up.
Many who take the course do realise the challenges it poses and how competitive a field it is but very few know that there are a world of opportunities available to carve your own niche, says a professor at a top journalism college in India.

Which of the following statements best explains the underlying tone of the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the given question. 

Writing is the premium example of innate skill and talent. Everybody can write but not everybody can be a writer. Only a few are skilled at clear communication and succinct expression and a majority of those few take up the very challenging career of journalism. The art of expression combined with fearless voice and the ability to research for the truth are the premium ingredients in the making of a journalist. And as the charm of this glorious career multiplies, gamut of opportunities is opening up.
Many who take the course do realise the challenges it poses and how competitive a field it is but very few know that there are a world of opportunities available to carve your own niche, says a professor at a top journalism college in India.

Why does the author of the given passage think that 'there is a greater concern for hygiene nowadays'?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.

Cleaning can be the basic guarantee of healthy environment and the cleaning products are the substances used in cleaning. An analysis on the global market of washing chemicals suggested that cleaning chemicals have reached an increasingly improved and fast development worldwide. And in the near future, cleaning chemicals will take up a larger part in the global market. The reason of cleaning chemicals developing so fast is the global demand for cleaning chemicals in the market; that is driven by the rise in population and increased impact on usage norms. There is also a greater concern for hygiene nowadays. Cleaning chemicals can make the cleaning task easier and quicker as they do not make use of any detergents or soaps that may be time consuming for most of the time. Therefore, consumers are more likely to pay more for these cleaning chemicals.

The passage implies that urban Indians will have to wait longer than an average urban citizen of the world for access to proper waste management infrastructure because

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

Out of all the measures that are necessary in addressing India’s impending waste management crisis, the most efficient will be changes at the national policy and planning level. It is well known among the small but growing waste management sector that urban India will hit rock bottom due to improper waste management. Unfortunately, they think such a crisis is required to bring about policy changes, as they generally tend to happen only after the damage has been done. This attitude is unfortunate because it indicates a lack of or failed effort from the sector to change policy, and also the level of India’s planning and preparedness.
An average of 32,000 people will be added to urban India everyday, continuously, until 2021. This number is a warning, considering how India’s waste management infrastructure went berserk trying to deal with just 25,000 new urban Indians during the last decade. The scale of urbanisation in India and around the world is unprecedented with planetary consequences to Earth’s limited material and energy resources, and its natural balance. Rate of increase in access to sanitation infrastructure generally lags behind the rate of urbanisation around the world; however, the lack of planning and impromptu piecemeal responses to waste management issues observed in India might indicate a much wider gap. This means urban Indians will have to wait longer than an average urban citizen of our world for access to proper waste management infrastructure.
The clear trend in the outbreak of epidemic and public protests around India is that they are happening in the biggest cities in their respective regions. However, long term national level plans to improve waste management in India do not exist and guidance offered to urban local bodies is meager.

According to the passage, which of the following is correct?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

Out of all the measures that are necessary in addressing India’s impending waste management crisis, the most efficient will be changes at the national policy and planning level. It is well known among the small but growing waste management sector that urban India will hit rock bottom due to improper waste management. Unfortunately, they think such a crisis is required to bring about policy changes, as they generally tend to happen only after the damage has been done. This attitude is unfortunate because it indicates a lack of or failed effort from the sector to change policy, and also the level of India’s planning and preparedness.
An average of 32,000 people will be added to urban India everyday, continuously, until 2021. This number is a warning, considering how India’s waste management infrastructure went berserk trying to deal with just 25,000 new urban Indians during the last decade. The scale of urbanisation in India and around the world is unprecedented with planetary consequences to Earth’s limited material and energy resources, and its natural balance. Rate of increase in access to sanitation infrastructure generally lags behind the rate of urbanisation around the world; however, the lack of planning and impromptu piecemeal responses to waste management issues observed in India might indicate a much wider gap. This means urban Indians will have to wait longer than an average urban citizen of our world for access to proper waste management infrastructure.
The clear trend in the outbreak of epidemic and public protests around India is that they are happening in the biggest cities in their respective regions. However, long term national level plans to improve waste management in India do not exist and guidance offered to urban local bodies is meager.

According to the author, the long term national level plans to improve waste management in India do not exist because of

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

Out of all the measures that are necessary in addressing India’s impending waste management crisis, the most efficient will be changes at the national policy and planning level. It is well known among the small but growing waste management sector that urban India will hit rock bottom due to improper waste management. Unfortunately, they think such a crisis is required to bring about policy changes, as they generally tend to happen only after the damage has been done. This attitude is unfortunate because it indicates a lack of or failed effort from the sector to change policy, and also the level of India’s planning and preparedness.
An average of 32,000 people will be added to urban India everyday, continuously, until 2021. This number is a warning, considering how India’s waste management infrastructure went berserk trying to deal with just 25,000 new urban Indians during the last decade. The scale of urbanisation in India and around the world is unprecedented with planetary consequences to Earth’s limited material and energy resources, and its natural balance. Rate of increase in access to sanitation infrastructure generally lags behind the rate of urbanisation around the world; however, the lack of planning and impromptu piecemeal responses to waste management issues observed in India might indicate a much wider gap. This means urban Indians will have to wait longer than an average urban citizen of our world for access to proper waste management infrastructure.
The clear trend in the outbreak of epidemic and public protests around India is that they are happening in the biggest cities in their respective regions. However, long term national level plans to improve waste management in India do not exist and guidance offered to urban local bodies is meager.

What is the meaning of the phrase ‘this attitude is unfortunate’ as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question that follows.

Out of all the measures that are necessary in addressing India’s impending waste management crisis, the most efficient will be changes at the national policy and planning level. It is well known among the small but growing waste management sector that urban India will hit rock bottom due to improper waste management. Unfortunately, they think such a crisis is required to bring about policy changes, as they generally tend to happen only after the damage has been done. This attitude is unfortunate because it indicates a lack of or failed effort from the sector to change policy, and also the level of India’s planning and preparedness.
An average of 32,000 people will be added to urban India everyday, continuously, until 2021. This number is a warning, considering how India’s waste management infrastructure went berserk trying to deal with just 25,000 new urban Indians during the last decade. The scale of urbanisation in India and around the world is unprecedented with planetary consequences to Earth’s limited material and energy resources, and its natural balance. Rate of increase in access to sanitation infrastructure generally lags behind the rate of urbanisation around the world; however, the lack of planning and impromptu piecemeal responses to waste management issues observed in India might indicate a much wider gap. This means urban Indians will have to wait longer than an average urban citizen of our world for access to proper waste management infrastructure.
The clear trend in the outbreak of epidemic and public protests around India is that they are happening in the biggest cities in their respective regions. However, long term national level plans to improve waste management in India do not exist and guidance offered to urban local bodies is meager.