Reading Comprehension

Which of the following could replace 'appetite' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

Kidneys are considered "vital organs," meaning they perform functions essential to your health. Your kidneys purify your blood. The filtered-out waste and water are called urine. The most common causes of kidney malfunction are diabetes and high blood pressure. Some kidney diseases are hereditary. If your family has a history of any kind of kidney problems, mention them to your health care provider. You might be at risk. As the disease progresses, you might notice you're urinating more or less frequently. You might feel queasy or lose your appetite. Some people experience numbness or swelling in the hands or feet. Others have muscle cramp. You might feel drowsy or have a difficult time concentrating.

Which of the following could replace 'cramp' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

Kidneys are considered "vital organs," meaning they perform functions essential to your health. Your kidneys purify your blood. The filtered-out waste and water are called urine. The most common causes of kidney malfunction are diabetes and high blood pressure. Some kidney diseases are hereditary. If your family has a history of any kind of kidney problems, mention them to your health care provider. You might be at risk. As the disease progresses, you might notice you're urinating more or less frequently. You might feel queasy or lose your appetite. Some people experience numbness or swelling in the hands or feet. Others have muscle cramp. You might feel drowsy or have a difficult time concentrating.

Which of the following could replace 'drowsy' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

Kidneys are considered "vital organs," meaning they perform functions essential to your health. Your kidneys purify your blood. The filtered-out waste and water are called urine. The most common causes of kidney malfunction are diabetes and high blood pressure. Some kidney diseases are hereditary. If your family has a history of any kind of kidney problems, mention them to your health care provider. You might be at risk. As the disease progresses, you might notice you're urinating more or less frequently. You might feel queasy or lose your appetite. Some people experience numbness or swelling in the hands or feet. Others have muscle cramp. You might feel drowsy or have a difficult time concentrating.

Which of the following could replace 'operations' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

The US Navy is responsible for conducting naval operations not only in U.S.A., but all around the world. The Navy is administratively managed by the Department of the Navy which is headed by Secretary of the Navy.
The United States has nearly 500,000 naval personnel, a quarter of who are in ready reserve. Of those on active duty, more than eighty percent are enlisted sailors, while commissioned officers make up around fifteen percent of this force.
By completing the Personnel Qualification, sailors prove that they have mastered skills and are ready to take up responsibilities. Their qualifications are denoted on their uniform with badges and insignia .
Their insignia on shoulders and sleeves of the uniform indicate their field of expertise. Working uniforms are comfortable and prioritize safety.

Which of the following could replace 'insignia' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

The US Navy is responsible for conducting naval operations not only in U.S.A., but all around the world. The Navy is administratively managed by the Department of the Navy which is headed by Secretary of the Navy.
The United States has nearly 500,000 naval personnel, a quarter of who are in ready reserve. Of those on active duty, more than eighty percent are enlisted sailors, while commissioned officers make up around fifteen percent of this force.
By completing the Personnel Qualification, sailors prove that they have mastered skills and are ready to take up responsibilities. Their qualifications are denoted on their uniform with badges and insignia .
Their insignia on shoulders and sleeves of the uniform indicate their field of expertise. Working uniforms are comfortable and prioritize safety.

Which of the following could replace 'personnel' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

The US Navy is responsible for conducting naval operations not only in U.S.A., but all around the world. The Navy is administratively managed by the Department of the Navy which is headed by Secretary of the Navy.
The United States has nearly 500,000 naval personnel, a quarter of who are in ready reserve. Of those on active duty, more than eighty percent are enlisted sailors, while commissioned officers make up around fifteen percent of this force.
By completing the Personnel Qualification, sailors prove that they have mastered skills and are ready to take up responsibilities. Their qualifications are denoted on their uniform with badges and insignia .
Their insignia on shoulders and sleeves of the uniform indicate their field of expertise. Working uniforms are comfortable and prioritize safety.

Which of the following could replace 'expertise' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

The US Navy is responsible for conducting naval operations not only in U.S.A., but all around the world. The Navy is administratively managed by the Department of the Navy which is headed by Secretary of the Navy.
The United States has nearly 500,000 naval personnel, a quarter of who are in ready reserve. Of those on active duty, more than eighty percent are enlisted sailors, while commissioned officers make up around fifteen percent of this force.
By completing the Personnel Qualification, sailors prove that they have mastered skills and are ready to take up responsibilities. Their qualifications are denoted on their uniform with badges and insignia .
Their insignia on shoulders and sleeves of the uniform indicate their field of expertise. Working uniforms are comfortable and prioritize safety.

Which of the following could replace 'mastered' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

The US Navy is responsible for conducting naval operations not only in U.S.A., but all around the world. The Navy is administratively managed by the Department of the Navy which is headed by Secretary of the Navy.
The United States has nearly 500,000 naval personnel, a quarter of who are in ready reserve. Of those on active duty, more than eighty percent are enlisted sailors, while commissioned officers make up around fifteen percent of this force.
By completing the Personnel Qualification, sailors prove that they have mastered skills and are ready to take up responsibilities. Their qualifications are denoted on their uniform with badges and insignia .
Their insignia on shoulders and sleeves of the uniform indicate their field of expertise. Working uniforms are comfortable and prioritize safety.

Which of the following could replace 'administratively' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

The US Navy is responsible for conducting naval operations not only in U.S.A., but all around the world. The Navy is administratively managed by the Department of the Navy which is headed by Secretary of the Navy.
The United States has nearly 500,000 naval personnel, a quarter of who are in ready reserve. Of those on active duty, more than eighty percent are enlisted sailors, while commissioned officers make up around fifteen percent of this force.
By completing the Personnel Qualification, sailors prove that they have mastered skills and are ready to take up responsibilities. Their qualifications are denoted on their uniform with badges and insignia .
Their insignia on shoulders and sleeves of the uniform indicate their field of expertise. Working uniforms are comfortable and prioritize safety.

Which of the following could replace 'prioritize' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

The US Navy is responsible for conducting naval operations not only in U.S.A., but all around the world. The Navy is administratively managed by the Department of the Navy which is headed by Secretary of the Navy.
The United States has nearly 500,000 naval personnel, a quarter of who are in ready reserve. Of those on active duty, more than eighty percent are enlisted sailors, while commissioned officers make up around fifteen percent of this force.
By completing the Personnel Qualification, sailors prove that they have mastered skills and are ready to take up responsibilities. Their qualifications are denoted on their uniform with badges and insignia .
Their insignia on shoulders and sleeves of the uniform indicate their field of expertise. Working uniforms are comfortable and prioritize safety.

Which of the following could replace 'commissioned' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

The US Navy is responsible for conducting naval operations not only in U.S.A., but all around the world. The Navy is administratively managed by the Department of the Navy which is headed by Secretary of the Navy.
The United States has nearly 500,000 naval personnel, a quarter of who are in ready reserve. Of those on active duty, more than eighty percent are enlisted sailors, while commissioned officers make up around fifteen percent of this force.
By completing the Personnel Qualification, sailors prove that they have mastered skills and are ready to take up responsibilities. Their qualifications are denoted on their uniform with badges and insignia .
Their insignia on shoulders and sleeves of the uniform indicate their field of expertise. Working uniforms are comfortable and prioritize safety.

Sum up the essence of the second paragraph of the passage.

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

The crowds surged into the square in front of the Lincoln Memorial, a monument to the 16^th American president and an avid campaigner for the liberation of black people from slavery. Tens of thousands of them had followed the call to ‘March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom’ on 28 August 1963 to demand work and equal rights for all the citizens of the USA. They arrived on special trains and in buses, singing all the way. Older black men dressed in their Sunday best; white students in T-shirts. Also present were actors and film stars like Josephine Baker, Marlon Brando, Burt Lancaster and Charlton Heston, as well as several American Congressmen. A quarter of a million people, black as well as white, had gathered for the biggest demonstration ever in Washington.
The government and many citizens were worried about the law and order. The sale of alcohol was banned on that bright August day. There were 4,000 soldiers present, with another 15,000 paratroopers on standby in the suburbs. The demonstration remained peaceful as the day wore on. As it turned increasingly hot and humid, Bob Dylan and Mahalia Jackson sang, and speaker after speaker stepped up with their demands for freedom. And then the last speaker took his place: the one they had all been waiting for—Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
King was the most important leader of the black civil rights movement. A charismatic speaker revered by many as an Afro-American Moses, he was, at the same time, a secret transgressor with innumerable affairs. Vilified by some as a dangerous radical and dismissed by others as a harmless Uncle Tom, the preacher of non-violent resistance would not have got far without the brutal excesses of his opponents. Finally, the future martyr of black America, who bore a cross-shaped scar on his chest from an earlier attack, began his speech. It was a speech which would make him immortal.
It had been 100 years since Abraham Lincoln started freeing the slaves in Southern America with his Emancipation Proclamation. Earlier, 10 Southern states, including Mississippi, Georgia and Alabama, separated from the United States and merged in 1861 as the Confederate States of America—in protest against the position against slavery adopted by many of the 23 Northern states, 19 of which had already liberated their slaves. (Excerpted from The Pastor and His Dream by Gesa Gottschalk)

Give the best summary of the second paragraph of the passage.

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

So many people today are gripped with a sense of fear. They fear for the future. They feel vulnerable in the workplace. They are afraid of losing their jobs and their ability to provide for their families. This vulnerability often fosters a resignation to riskless living and to co-dependency with others at work and at home. Our culture’s common response to this problem is to become more and more independent. Independence is an important, even vital, value and achievement. The problem is, we live in an interdependent reality, and our most important accomplishments require interdependency skills well beyond our present abilities.
People want things and want them now. Though today’s ‘credit card’ society makes it easy to ‘get now and pay later’, economic realities eventually set in, and we are reminded, sometimes painfully, that our purchases cannot outstrip our ongoing ability to produce. The demands of interest are unrelenting and unforgiving. With the dizzying rate of change in technology and increasing competition driven by the globalization of markets and technology, we must develop our minds and continually sharpen and invest in the development of our competencies to avoid becoming obsolete.
Whenever we find a problem, we usually find the finger-pointing of blame. ‘If only this hadn’t been like this…if only that…’ Blaming everyone and everything else for our problems and challenges may be the norm and many provide temporary relief from the pain, but it also chains us to these very problems. If we can find someone humble enough to accept and take responsibility for his or her circumstances and courageous enough to take whatever initiative is necessary to creatively work his or her way through or around these challenges, we can find the supreme power of choice.
The children of blame are cynicism and hopelessness. When we succumb to believing that we are victims of our circumstances and yield to the plight of determinism, we lose hope, we lose drive, and we settle into resignation and stagnation. So many bright, talented people suffer the broad range of discouragement and depression that follows. The survival response of popular culture is cynicism—‘just lower your expectations of life to the point that you aren’t disappointed by anyone or anything.’ The contrasting principle of growth and hope throughout history is the discovery that ‘I am the creative force of my life.’ (Excerpted from Stephen R. Covey’s The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People)

Give the best summary of the fourth paragraph.

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

The crowds surged into the square in front of the Lincoln Memorial, a monument to the 16^th American president and an avid campaigner for the liberation of black people from slavery. Tens of thousands of them had followed the call to ‘March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom’ on 28 August 1963 to demand work and equal rights for all the citizens of the USA. They arrived on special trains and in buses, singing all the way. Older black men dressed in their Sunday best; white students in T-shirts. Also present were actors and film stars like Josephine Baker, Marlon Brando, Burt Lancaster and Charlton Heston, as well as several American Congressmen. A quarter of a million people, black as well as white, had gathered for the biggest demonstration ever in Washington.
The government and many citizens were worried about the law and order. The sale of alcohol was banned on that bright August day. There were 4,000 soldiers present, with another 15,000 paratroopers on standby in the suburbs. The demonstration remained peaceful as the day wore on. As it turned increasingly hot and humid, Bob Dylan and Mahalia Jackson sang, and speaker after speaker stepped up with their demands for freedom. And then the last speaker took his place: the one they had all been waiting for—Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
King was the most important leader of the black civil rights movement. A charismatic speaker revered by many as an Afro-American Moses, he was, at the same time, a secret transgressor with innumerable affairs. Vilified by some as a dangerous radical and dismissed by others as a harmless Uncle Tom, the preacher of non-violent resistance would not have got far without the brutal excesses of his opponents. Finally, the future martyr of black America, who bore a cross-shaped scar on his chest from an earlier attack, began his speech. It was a speech which would make him immortal.
It had been 100 years since Abraham Lincoln started freeing the slaves in Southern America with his Emancipation Proclamation. Earlier, 10 Southern states, including Mississippi, Georgia and Alabama, separated from the United States and merged in 1861 as the Confederate States of America—in protest against the position against slavery adopted by many of the 23 Northern states, 19 of which had already liberated their slaves. (Excerpted from The Pastor and His Dream by Gesa Gottschalk)

What is the best summary of the third paragraph?

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

The crowds surged into the square in front of the Lincoln Memorial, a monument to the 16^th American president and an avid campaigner for the liberation of black people from slavery. Tens of thousands of them had followed the call to ‘March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom’ on 28 August 1963 to demand work and equal rights for all the citizens of the USA. They arrived on special trains and in buses, singing all the way. Older black men dressed in their Sunday best; white students in T-shirts. Also present were actors and film stars like Josephine Baker, Marlon Brando, Burt Lancaster and Charlton Heston, as well as several American Congressmen. A quarter of a million people, black as well as white, had gathered for the biggest demonstration ever in Washington.
The government and many citizens were worried about the law and order. The sale of alcohol was banned on that bright August day. There were 4,000 soldiers present, with another 15,000 paratroopers on standby in the suburbs. The demonstration remained peaceful as the day wore on. As it turned increasingly hot and humid, Bob Dylan and Mahalia Jackson sang, and speaker after speaker stepped up with their demands for freedom. And then the last speaker took his place: the one they had all been waiting for—Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
King was the most important leader of the black civil rights movement. A charismatic speaker revered by many as an Afro-American Moses, he was, at the same time, a secret transgressor with innumerable affairs. Vilified by some as a dangerous radical and dismissed by others as a harmless Uncle Tom, the preacher of non-violent resistance would not have got far without the brutal excesses of his opponents. Finally, the future martyr of black America, who bore a cross-shaped scar on his chest from an earlier attack, began his speech. It was a speech which would make him immortal.
It had been 100 years since Abraham Lincoln started freeing the slaves in Southern America with his Emancipation Proclamation. Earlier, 10 Southern states, including Mississippi, Georgia and Alabama, separated from the United States and merged in 1861 as the Confederate States of America—in protest against the position against slavery adopted by many of the 23 Northern states, 19 of which had already liberated their slaves. (Excerpted from The Pastor and His Dream by Gesa Gottschalk)