Public Health and Healthcare Equity

According to the passage, what is the urban poor?

Directions:  Read the passage below and answer the question given underneath.
The urban poor are experiencing the same level of health as their equivalent in rural areas. Both communities have an equal status of poor health among their respective population. While there may be different characteristics for single population in different cities, they all share many common features which affect health status and social challenges. These include overcrowding, air pollution, tobacco use, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, alcohol and drug abuse, road injuries, etc. Other difficulties and challenges center on poor infrastructure which would include poor solid waste management, insufficient access to health care, particularly in slum areas. Most cities also face various challenges in terms of communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, maternal and child care issues, natural disasters and the threat of reemerging and emerging diseases. As per the UHRC, one in every ten children in the slums do not live upto the age of five years in India. Furthermore, nearly 42% of slum children receive recommended vaccinations. Over half of child births that take place among poor women occur at home in slums, which puts both the mother and the newborn at risk. Another risk factor is the poor sanitation found in slums, which contributes to the high rate of diseases. Two-thirds of urban poor households do not have access to toilets and nearly 50% do not have running water supplied to their homes.
Currently, the Indian health system is more focussed towards those poor in rural areas and it has an organisational structure that begins from the grass roots to tertiary care which is managed by dedicated staff. Unfortunately, there is a huge deficiency of services and structures in urban areas. To add to this, a very rapid growth of the urban population has overburdened the existing system. The majority of healthcare in cities is mainly served by private sector doctors and hospitals which tends to cost much higher and is not accessible to the most urban poor.

Why is there a deficiency of healthcare services and structure in urban areas for the urban population of poor people?

Directions:  Read the passage below and answer the question given underneath.
The urban poor are experiencing the same level of health as their equivalent in rural areas. Both communities have an equal status of poor health among their respective population. While there may be different characteristics for single population in different cities, they all share many common features which affect health status and social challenges. These include overcrowding, air pollution, tobacco use, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, alcohol and drug abuse, road injuries, etc. Other difficulties and challenges center on poor infrastructure which would include poor solid waste management, insufficient access to health care, particularly in slum areas. Most cities also face various challenges in terms of communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, maternal and child care issues, natural disasters and the threat of reemerging and emerging diseases. As per the UHRC, one in every ten children in the slums do not live upto the age of five years in India. Furthermore, nearly 42% of slum children receive recommended vaccinations. Over half of child births that take place among poor women occur at home in slums, which puts both the mother and the newborn at risk. Another risk factor is the poor sanitation found in slums, which contributes to the high rate of diseases. Two-thirds of urban poor households do not have access to toilets and nearly 50% do not have running water supplied to their homes.
Currently, the Indian health system is more focussed towards those poor in rural areas and it has an organisational structure that begins from the grass roots to tertiary care which is managed by dedicated staff. Unfortunately, there is a huge deficiency of services and structures in urban areas. To add to this, a very rapid growth of the urban population has overburdened the existing system. The majority of healthcare in cities is mainly served by private sector doctors and hospitals which tends to cost much higher and is not accessible to the most urban poor.

This passage explains that

Directions:  Read the passage below and answer the question given underneath.
The urban poor are experiencing the same level of health as their equivalent in rural areas. Both communities have an equal status of poor health among their respective population. While there may be different characteristics for single population in different cities, they all share many common features which affect health status and social challenges. These include overcrowding, air pollution, tobacco use, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, alcohol and drug abuse, road injuries, etc. Other difficulties and challenges center on poor infrastructure which would include poor solid waste management, insufficient access to health care, particularly in slum areas. Most cities also face various challenges in terms of communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, maternal and child care issues, natural disasters and the threat of reemerging and emerging diseases. As per the UHRC, one in every ten children in the slums do not live upto the age of five years in India. Furthermore, nearly 42% of slum children receive recommended vaccinations. Over half of child births that take place among poor women occur at home in slums, which puts both the mother and the newborn at risk. Another risk factor is the poor sanitation found in slums, which contributes to the high rate of diseases. Two-thirds of urban poor households do not have access to toilets and nearly 50% do not have running water supplied to their homes.
Currently, the Indian health system is more focussed towards those poor in rural areas and it has an organisational structure that begins from the grass roots to tertiary care which is managed by dedicated staff. Unfortunately, there is a huge deficiency of services and structures in urban areas. To add to this, a very rapid growth of the urban population has overburdened the existing system. The majority of healthcare in cities is mainly served by private sector doctors and hospitals which tends to cost much higher and is not accessible to the most urban poor.

Choose the most appropriate title for the passage.

Directions:  Read the passage below and answer the question given underneath.
The urban poor are experiencing the same level of health as their equivalent in rural areas. Both communities have an equal status of poor health among their respective population. While there may be different characteristics for single population in different cities, they all share many common features which affect health status and social challenges. These include overcrowding, air pollution, tobacco use, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, alcohol and drug abuse, road injuries, etc. Other difficulties and challenges center on poor infrastructure which would include poor solid waste management, insufficient access to health care, particularly in slum areas. Most cities also face various challenges in terms of communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, maternal and child care issues, natural disasters and the threat of reemerging and emerging diseases. As per the UHRC, one in every ten children in the slums do not live upto the age of five years in India. Furthermore, nearly 42% of slum children receive recommended vaccinations. Over half of child births that take place among poor women occur at home in slums, which puts both the mother and the newborn at risk. Another risk factor is the poor sanitation found in slums, which contributes to the high rate of diseases. Two-thirds of urban poor households do not have access to toilets and nearly 50% do not have running water supplied to their homes.
Currently, the Indian health system is more focussed towards those poor in rural areas and it has an organisational structure that begins from the grass roots to tertiary care which is managed by dedicated staff. Unfortunately, there is a huge deficiency of services and structures in urban areas. To add to this, a very rapid growth of the urban population has overburdened the existing system. The majority of healthcare in cities is mainly served by private sector doctors and hospitals which tends to cost much higher and is not accessible to the most urban poor.

Choose the correct statement:

Directions:  Read the passage below and answer the question given underneath.
The urban poor are experiencing the same level of health as their equivalent in rural areas. Both communities have an equal status of poor health among their respective population. While there may be different characteristics for single population in different cities, they all share many common features which affect health status and social challenges. These include overcrowding, air pollution, tobacco use, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, alcohol and drug abuse, road injuries, etc. Other difficulties and challenges center on poor infrastructure which would include poor solid waste management, insufficient access to health care, particularly in slum areas. Most cities also face various challenges in terms of communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, maternal and child care issues, natural disasters and the threat of reemerging and emerging diseases. As per the UHRC, one in every ten children in the slums do not live upto the age of five years in India. Furthermore, nearly 42% of slum children receive recommended vaccinations. Over half of child births that take place among poor women occur at home in slums, which puts both the mother and the newborn at risk. Another risk factor is the poor sanitation found in slums, which contributes to the high rate of diseases. Two-thirds of urban poor households do not have access to toilets and nearly 50% do not have running water supplied to their homes.
Currently, the Indian health system is more focussed towards those poor in rural areas and it has an organisational structure that begins from the grass roots to tertiary care which is managed by dedicated staff. Unfortunately, there is a huge deficiency of services and structures in urban areas. To add to this, a very rapid growth of the urban population has overburdened the existing system. The majority of healthcare in cities is mainly served by private sector doctors and hospitals which tends to cost much higher and is not accessible to the most urban poor.