Biology · Environmental Studies

Plant Reproduction and Germination

892 Questions

Plant reproduction and germination involve seed structure, cotyledon function, and dispersal mechanisms. These core botany concepts frequently appear in general science sections. Practice these questions to ensure better retention.

Seed germination typesSeed dispersal mechanismsCotyledons and albuminous seedsCryptogamic plantsPhanerogams reproduction

Plant Reproduction and Germination Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding the Hypocotyl hook?

  1. It develops below the attachment of the cotyledons.

  2. It straightens when exposed to light.

  3. It is the first structure to emerge from a dicot seed.

  4. It precedes the cotyledons and shoot apex up through the soil.

  5. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Hypocotyl hook is not the first structure to emerge from a dicot seed. Hence,  this statement is wrong.

Multiple choice

In double fertilization, the male gamete fuses with the __________.

  1. egg cell

  2. egg cell and another male gamete with two polar nuclei

  3. antipodals

  4. two polar nuclei or their fusion product

  5. another male gamete with two polar nuclei
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In double fertilization, the male gamete fuses with the egg cell and another male gamete with two polar nuclei.

Multiple choice

What is the function of cotyledons of ginkgo and cycad seeds?

  1. Perform photosynthesis

  2. Digest the food in the female gametophyte

  3. Provide protection to the seed

  4. Store food
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In cycads and ginkgo, the cotyledons remain within the seed and serve to digest the food in the female gametophyte and absorb it into a developing embryo.

Multiple choice

Double fertilisation means the fusion of

  1. one male gamete with the egg and the other with the antipodal cell

  2. one male gamete with the egg and the other with the secondary nucleus

  3. one male gamete with the egg and other with the synergids

  4. two male gametes with an egg

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice

Which among the following provides nutrients during the early development of the plant before starting the process of photosynthesis?

  1. Locules

  2. Integuments

  3. Cotyledons

  4. Calyptra

  5. Strobilus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A cotyledon is a significant part of the embryo within the seed of a plant. Two large green hemispherical structures which enclose the embryonic axis is called as the cotyledons.The cotyledons are important because it give nutrients during the early development of the plant before starting the process of photosynthesis.

Multiple choice

Which part of the plants help them to grow their offsprings?

  1. Flowers

  2. Leaves

  3. Fruits

  4. Roots

  5. Buds
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Flowers generally are the showy part of a plant. Their beauty and fragrance attract pollinators (insects or birds) that play an important role in the reproductive process. Through reproductive process they can produce their kind of plants.

Multiple choice

Consider the following statements:

  1. The seeds of shorea robusta remain viable only for a week or so.

  2. The seeds of Lens esculenta can remain viable for several years.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 1 only

  2. 2 only

  3. Both 1 and 2

  4. Neither 1 nor 2

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Shorea robusta seeds are recalcitrant - they lose viability quickly (within days to weeks) due to sensitivity to desiccation. Lens esculenta (lentil) seeds are orthodox - they can remain viable for several years when properly dried and stored. Both statements are correct.

Multiple choice

Which one of the following statements is not correct?

  1. In corn, the mature seed is exalbuminous.

  2. In orchids, the embryo has no cotyledons.

  3. In corn, the embryo contains young leaves while in the seed.

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In corn (maize), the mature seed is albuminous - it retains endosperm tissue. So statement A says it is exalbuminous (no endosperm), which is incorrect. Therefore B (which says the statement is not correct) is the right answer. Orchid embryos indeed lack cotyledons (they are undifferentiated), and corn embryos do contain young leaves.

Multiple choice

Assertion (A) : Rice seeds germinate and begin to grow under flooded conditions.

Reason (R) : Embryos of rice seeds carry out facultative anaerobic respiration.

  1. Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A.

  2. Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

  3. A is true but R is false.

  4. A is false but R is true.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Rice seeds can germinate under flooded (anaerobic) conditions because their embryos have adapted to carry out facultative anaerobic respiration - they can switch to fermentation when oxygen is limited. The reason correctly explains the assertion.

Multiple choice

Which of the following chemicals is/are used in seed viability testing?

  1. Orchine and water

  2. Uric acid and gibberellic acid

  3. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride

  4. Colchicine and water

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

 Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, TTC, or simply tetrazolium chloride is a redox indicator commonly used in biochemical experiments especially to indicate cellular respiration.