Biology

Plant Propagation Techniques

591 Questions

Plant propagation techniques cover both natural and artificial methods of cultivating plants, including micropropagation, tissue culture, and layering. These botanical concepts evaluate how desirable characteristics are multiplied and transferred into new plants. Questions on this topic routinely feature in the biology segment of various state and central competitive exams.

Micropropagation methodsArtificial vegetative propagationPlant tissue cultureLayering techniquesMeristem differentiation

Plant Propagation Techniques Questions

Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation common modes of vegetative propagation vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction

........... is the most convenient and cheap method of artificial vegetative propagation.

  1. Grafting

  2. Budding

  3. Cutting

  4. Micropropagation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Cutting is the most convenient and cheap method of artificial vegetative propagation because it doesn't require any skilled trained technique and it is not affected by contamination. On the other hand, the technique like grafting and budding requires skilled hand while micropropagation is highly sensitive to contamination and requires skilled hand.
Grafting is a horticulture technique where the living detached portion of the plant are used to regenerate the growth. 
Budding is a type of asexual reproduction which do not involve fusion of gametes. A new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site. The bud remains attached to the parent plant and separates after it gets mature. It leaves a scar at the point of separation. 
Cutting is a technique where the vegetative part is used for the propagation of plant. Cuttings are meristematic in nature so it can easily grow into a new plant.
Micropropagation is the process of multiplication and maintenance of genetically modified or hybrid plant. 
So, the correct answer is option C.
Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation common modes of vegetative propagation vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction

Micropropagation production of

  1. True to type plants

  2. Haploid plants

  3. Somatic hybrids

  4. Somaclonal plants
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Micropropagation is the process of production of similar plants or clones. It is also used to provide a sufficient number of plantlets for planting from a stock plant which does not produce seeds or does not respond well to vegetative reproduction. The step of micropropagation includes:
1) The plant which needs to be propagated is chosen.
2) The plant part which has to be used as an explant is chosen. It can be the pollen, leaf, stem etc of the stock plant.
3) The explant is surface sterilized.
4) Culture the explant on a nutrient media.
5) After growth of root and shoot, it undergoes hardening treatment where it is grown under temperature available on fields to prepare them for growth.
6) In the final stage of plant micropropagation, the plantlets are removed from the plant media and transferred to the soil.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation common modes of vegetative propagation vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction

In grafting, stock is

  1. Stem of desired variety

  2. Bud of desired variety

  3. Part of rooted plant

  4. Part to be grafted
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Grafting is a horticulture technique where the living detached portion of the plant is used to regenerate the growth. One plant is selected for its roots and this is called the stock or rootstock. The other plant is selected for its stems, leaves, flowers, or fruits and is called the scion. The joining of scion and stalk is known as inosculation. The technique is mostly used in an asexual mode of reproduction. 
So, the correct answer is option C.
Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation common modes of vegetative propagation vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction

Plants with poor root system are propagated through

  1. Layering

  2. Leaf cuttings

  3. Stem cuttings

  4. Grafting
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Plants with poor root system are propagated through grafting. Grafting is a horticultural technique whereby tissues of the plant are joined so as to continue their growth together. The two plants are selected, one with good roots called rootstock and another with good flowers, fruits, leaves or stem called scion. The scion contains the desired genes to be duplicated. The plants with poor roots but with the desired  quality of other products are used as scion and grafted on plants with good mature roots.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation common modes of vegetative propagation vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction

Plants of desired qualities are produced by

  1. Cutting

  2. Grafting

  3. Layering

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In grafting, we join two plants to each other. The upper part of the graft is called scion that forms the top portion of the plant, and lower part which we call understock makes roots or part of the stem. Grafting is usually joining of only two plants but it may be a combination of several. If we join a third plant between two plants then it forms the trunk or a portion of it. This third plant  is called an interstem.

Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation common modes of vegetative propagation vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction

Grafting is the art of joining parts of plants such that they grow as one plant. What is the name given to the part of the graft which gives rise to the upper portion?

  1. Bud

  2. Stock

  3. Scion

  4. Meristem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Grafting and budding are horticultural techniques used to join parts from two or more plants so that they appear to grow as a single plant. In grafting, the upper part (scion) of one plant grows on the root system (rootstock) of another plant. In the budding process, a bud is taken from one plant and grown on another. So, the correct option is "C" (Scion).

Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation common modes of vegetative propagation vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction

Grafting results in

  1. Mixing of traits of two varieties without resorting to hybridisation

  2. Providing hormones and stimulating chemicals from stock to scion

  3. Quick growth of desirable variety with poor root system

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Grafting is a horticulture technique where the living detached portion of the plant is used to regenerate the growth. One plant is selected for its roots and this is called the stock or rootstock. The other plant is selected for its stems, leaves, flowers, or fruits and is called the scion. The joining of scion and stalk is known as inosculation. 

Grafting involves mixing of traits of two varieties without resorting to hybridization as because stock and scion belong to two different plant species. The vegetative part is developed by the scion so fruit, flowering, branching, and leaves pattern depends on scion while the root pattern is influenced by the genome of the stock.
So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation common modes of vegetative propagation vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction

In grafting process 

  1. Desirable characters of stock are transferred to scion

  2. Desirable characters of scion are transferred to stock.

  3. Desirable characters of both stock & scion are transferred to new bud

  4. Character transfer is not possible.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Grafting is a horticultural technique used to join parts from two or more plants so that they appear to grow as a single plant. In grafting, the upper part (scion) of one plant grows on the root system (rootstock) of another plant. 
In this process, desirable characters of scion are transferred to stock because the stock being root system cannot be uprooted as it decreases the survival rate.
So, the correct option is 'Desirable characters of scion are transferred to stock'.
Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation common modes of vegetative propagation vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction

In grafting the rooted plant is used as a ______.

  1. Scion

  2. Stock

  3. Stem

  4. Root
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In grafting, two firmly related plants are utilized to deliver another plant that has the ideal, consolidated attributes of both the parent plants. One plant is the stock, where the root system is taken and where the shoot system is used is called the Scion,

So, the correct option is 'Stock'.

Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation common modes of vegetative propagation vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction

In vegetative reproduction, when two different individuals participate then it is called, _________?

  1. Layering

  2. Grafting

  3. Cutting

  4. Doubling
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • In grafting, two firmly related plants are utilized to deliver another plant that has the ideal, consolidated attributes of both the parent plants. One plant is, 
  • where the root framework is taken and the other is, where the shooting framework is utilized. The scion is appended to the load of the second plant in this strategy for fake vegetative proliferation. grafting can be done in plants like roses, apples, and avocado.

So, the correct option is 'Grafting'.

Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation common modes of vegetative propagation vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction

In vegetative reproduction when two different individuals participate then it is called ______________.

  1. Layering

  2. Grafting

  3. Cutting

  4. Doubling
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Grafting is a method of vegetative propagation where tissues from two different plants are joined to grow as one.

Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation common modes of vegetative propagation vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction

Roses and banana are usually grown through ...............

  1. Parthenocarpy

  2. Cuttings

  3. Grafting

  4. Layering
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Plants can reproduce asexually and sexually. The vegetative reproduction is a means of rapid propagation, as sex cells are not involved, the progeny is identical to parent plant and the process is a type of asexual reproduction. Vegetative reproduction can be natural or artificial (cutting, layering, grafting or use of stocks). Cutting is commonly used artificial method of vegetative propagation. In cutting a cut portion of a plant generates a whole new plant as in Rose, Bougainvillea, Banana etc. Banana is a large perennial herb propagated vegetatively rather than sexually because nearly all cultivated varieties are seedless, and fruits develop parthenocarpically (in the absence of seed development). The principal method of banana propagation is division of suckers or pups which arise from the base of the main stem or from the underground corm. Large suckers are the preferred planting material. These are removed from vigorous clumps of banana trees with a spade when at least three feet tall, during warm months.

Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation common modes of vegetative propagation vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction

When a branch under soil develops roots, it is known as ..........

  1. Grafting

  2. Layering

  3. Cutting

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Plants can be propagated vegetatively without involving the process of sexual reproduction. The vegetative propagation can be natural or artificial. With the objective of improving crops and ornamental plants, humans have devised various methods for asexual propagation of angiosperms. Most of these methods are based on the ability of plants to form adventitious roots or shoots. Cutting, layering, grafting, cloning are few such methods. The layering process refers to growth of roots by vegetative structure of stem when covered by a layer of soil.

Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation common modes of vegetative propagation vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction

......................... is/are the means of vegetative propagation.

  1. Protoplast fusion

  2. Tissue culture

  3. In vitro fertilization

  4. Both (A) and (B)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vegetative reproduction means reproduction without the involvement of sex cells or gametes. The process of vegetative reproduction can be natural or artificial. Protoplast fusion and plant tissue culture are biotechnological techniques used in the propagation of plants through vegetative cells. In protoplast fusion, the protoplasm of two vegetative cells are fused thus sex cells are not involved. In tissue culture, whole plants can be grown using a small explant made up of the meristematic cell.

Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation common modes of vegetative propagation vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction

Artificial induction of roots on stems before it is separated from the parent plant for propagation is called as ........................

  1. Root-stem joint

  2. Plant tissue culture

  3. Grafting

  4. Layering
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cutting, layering and grafting are some of the techniques of vegetative propagation in plants. In layering, a portion of an aerial stem grows roots while still attached to the parent plant and then detaches as an independent plant.