Plant Propagation Techniques

Hydroponics is the art of growing plants in absence of soil in a nutrient medium of defined concentration. It was initiated by Von Sachs. The technique is useful because plants can be grown in a defined medium. Pests can be avoided and plants can be protected from floods and drought etc. Also plants can be protected from various soil and water pollutants. In future, when pressure on land increases due to population growth, hydroponics will emerge as highly useful technique.

• In 1860, Julius von Sachs, a prominent German botanist, demonstrated, for the first time, that plants could be grown to maturity in a defined nutrient solution in the complete absence of soil. This technique of growing plants in a nutrient solution is known as hydroponics.
• Hence Hydroponics is growing plants in a solution of mineral nutrients.
• So, the correct answer is 'Solution of mineral nutrients'.

Hydroponics is a technique of growing terrestrial plants.

Hydroponics was pioneered by Julius Von Sach. It is a technique of growing plants in aqueous solution of nutrients. It can be used to find out the essential nutrients for plants. This technique is also called soilless cultivation.

Hydroponics is a sub set of hydroculture. In this method plants are grown without soil by using nutrient solutions.

Solid medium culture is where plants or micro organisms are grown on a solid support like agar gel, etc.

Growing plants in a nutrient solution in absence of soil is called hydroponics. This technique was pioneered by Julius Von Sachs. It is also called soilless cultivation.

Shoot tip culture maintains virus free plant. It is used for international exchange of germplasm is vegetatively multiplied cultivars, e.g., Banana, Potato.

In plants, vegetative propagation is a type of asexual reproduction in which a new plant develops from a vegetative part of plant. This vegetative part is basically a stem, root or any other part of plant which have tendency to reproduce.

Domestication is the name given to the process in which people grow plants and look after animals. Very often, plants and animals that are tended by people become different from wild plants and animals.

Tissue culture is the growth of cells or tissues separated from an organism. This is facilitated using a liquid, semi-solid medium which is sterilized so as to prevent the contamination by autoclaving them. It is a process whereby applying heat and pressure, microbes are killed in a container.

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is the apex body responsible for coordinating and evaluating agricultural research and newly evolved crop varieties in India.

Gene banks are a type of biorepository, which preserve genetic material. For plants, this could be by freezing cuttings from the plant, or stocking the seeds (e.g., in a seed bank). For animals, this is the freezing of sperm and eggs in zoological freezers until further need. With corals, fragments are taken which are stored in water tanks under controlled conditions.
Plant genetic material in a 'gene bank' is preserved at $-196^0$C in liquid nitrogen as mature seed (dry).

Germplasm is a term used to describe living genetic resources, such as seeds or tissue, maintained for the purpose of breeding, preservation, and other research uses. These resources may take the form of seed collections stored in seed banks, trees growing in nurseries, animal breeding lines maintained in animal breeding programs or gene banks, etc. Germplasm collections can range from collections of wild species to elite, domesticated breeding lines that have undergone extensive human selection.

Shoot tip culture is the culture of terminal part of shoot to a plant in in-vitro condition or in lab called as shoot tip culture. Mostly the shoot tip culture used for obtain disease free plant without genetically changes. The plant which affected by any contaminant mostly by viruses have saved by shoot tip culture, because shoot tip of any affected plant is less or free from contamination (viruses, bacteria, fungus).