Plant Transport and Physiology

Plants excrete excess water primarily through transpiration, which occurs through the stomata on the surface of leaves.

Plants excrete waste products like resins and gums, which are often stored in old xylem or bark. Lignin and cellulose are structural components of the plant cell wall, not excretory waste products.

Plants release carbon dioxide as a byproduct of respiration and oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis. Both gases are considered excretory products in the context of gas exchange.

Phloem is the vascular tissue responsible for the translocation of sugars and other nutrients from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

Xylem is the specialized vascular tissue in plants that transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Plants are autotrophic and sedentary, meaning they do not require the high energy levels needed by mobile animals for movement. They possess slow transport systems and a large proportion of dead cells for structural support.

Water transport in plants is driven by the transpiration pull created by evaporation at the leaves and the root pressure generated by active ion uptake in roots.

Transpiration is the process by which water vapor is lost from the aerial parts of a plant, primarily through the stomata in leaves.

The xylem tissue transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots upward to the rest of the plant.

Translocation is the movement of sugars (sucrose) from source (leaves) to sink (roots, fruits) through the phloem, a process requiring ATP.

Correct Answer: Plants

Xylem is the specialized plant tissue responsible for the transport of water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Reason: If the medium surrounding the cell has a higher water concentration than of the cell, meaning that the outside solution is very dilute, the cell will gain water by osmosis. Such a solution is known as hypotonic solution. The net result is that water enters the cell. The cell will swell up. Vacuole - are small sized in animal cells while large size in plant cells. The central vacuole of some plant cells may occupy 50 - 90% of the cell volume. In plant cells, vacuoles are full of cell sap (which is made up mostly of water containing various dissolved sugar, salts and other chemicals). Plastids- are present only in plant cells. Plastid containing pigment chlorophyll are known as chloroplasts which are important for photosynthesis in plants. Photosynthesis does not occur in animals. Cell wall - Plant cells are rigid because of presence of cell wall made up of cellulose which is lacking in animal cell. This is the reason why plant cells do not burst and become turgid when placed in hypotonic solution whereas animal cells burst off when placed in hypotonic solution as cell wall is absent in them.Nucleus encloses the chromosome in both plants & animals.

 Malphigi in 1672, Stephan Hales in 1727, Hartig conducted the ringing experiment to show that xylem is the mode of ascent of sap. 

the plant dies due to exosmosis as the concentration of the solution is higher in marine water  than that of a cell sap.