Plant Transport and Physiology

White spongy cigar-like floating roots remain in air and help the plant in floating. These are single adventitious roots, which also help in respiration.

Floating roots also absorb O₂ for respiration and thus, they are also called respiratory roots.

Apoplast is the space outside the plasma membrane, within which material can diffuse freely. The apoplast facilitates the transport of water and solutes across cells.

The water on the leaves is the condensed water lost by transpiration from the plants.

Transpiration involves the loss of water from the leaves of plants.

Malic acid is a 4-carbon compound.

CAM plants open stomata at night to fix CO2 into malic acid, which simultaneously reduces water loss through transpiration, prevents photoinhibition by avoiding excess light absorption during the day, and allows efficient recycling of internally released CO2 during daylight hours. This nocturnal stomatal opening strategy is a key adaptation to arid conditions.

Phloem carries sugar and nutrients from leaves to all other parts of the tree.

This is the correct answer. The water required by the plants for photosynthesis is absorbed by the roots of the plants from the soil through the process of osmosis.

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Presence of scale leaves qualifies a potato to be a stem.

Xerophytes (plants adapted to dry conditions) show the most advanced morphological and physiological adaptations including reduced leaves, thick cuticles, sunken stomata, extensive root systems, and CAM photosynthesis. While hydrophytes and halophytes also have adaptations, xerophytic adaptations are most diverse and specialized.

Capillary water is held in soil pores by surface tension and is the primary water source available to plant roots. Gravitational water drains away, hygroscopic water is too tightly bound to soil particles, and combined water is chemically bound in minerals.